Mourning and Grief Essay -- Psychology

Sigmund Freud, conceived on May eighth, 1856, was the originator of therapy. Psychoanalysts accepted that human conduct, understanding, and insight were generally controlled by nonsensical drives which were for the most part oblivious. Freud further built up the components of constraint and set up a clinical technique for rewarding psychopathology through discourse between a patient and their individual psychoanalyst. In spite of the fact that psychoanalysts are not normal in our present day, different types of psychotherapy have built up that utilizes veering thoughts, starting from Freud’s unique contemplations and way to deal with considering the brain (Boeree). Freud went on to later combine a hypothesis of what he accepted occurred during distress. As per his hypothesis, we become genuinely connected to our friends and family by contributing moxie, or physical vitality, in them. At the point when these friends and family pass, we have a feeling that we lost this vitality, which he accepts represents changes in our affectability. Under Freud’s hypothesis, lamenting comprises of cutting off these passionate connections by pulling back our fiery speculations (Watson). In spite of the fact that Freud’s see on death was designed hundreds of years prior, it can at present be obviously observed in different perspectives/areas in current time. Freud’s thoughts which have become the spine to the ‘six compromise requirements for mourning’ are as of now utilized as the reason for ceremonial propensities of burial services, self improvement guides that are used inside Hospice units in Hospitals, and self improvement g atherings. The underlying need to enable the family to recognize the truth of the passing of a friend or family member is regularly done by memorial service homes. Commonly, demise is recognized in two stages, the principal managing acknowledgment in our brain and afterward inside our souls. Sigmund Freud b... ...e should do. Self improvement gatherings endeavor to fill dispossessed ones lives with exercises that may show them the expectations that these actuates will either get their brain off the ongoing passing or help in helping the individual rehash themselves. Works Cited Boeree, C. George. Sigmund Freud. My Webspace Files. 2009. Web. . Smith, Melinda, and Jeanne Segal. Supporting a Grieving Person. : Helping Others Through Grief and Loss. Jan. 2012. Web. . Watson, Donald E. Apperception Theory of Grieving. Don Watson's Home Page. 12 Feb. 2005. Web. . Wolfelt, Alan D. Why Is the Funeral Ritual Important? 2007. Web.

Tasso Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tasso - Assignment Example authenticate his effect on different craftsmen articulation and understanding of his critical works of which La Gerusalemme free was viewed as his magnum opus. The life and works of Tasso edify craftsmanship fans in the acknowledgment that the idea of affection unfulfilled may have added to his craziness †as it despite everything occurs in contemporary occasions. In Amita, the object of the shepherd hero’s desirous wants, Sylvia, discovered joy in participating in a pursuit for her heart even to the point of death. Tasso, thought to have spoken to himself in the character of Thyrsis, uncovered his inward considerations through analogies of adoration with goddesses and light emissions like silver and gold: impossible, fleeting, inaccessible. He considers this to be a subjugation regularly looking for opportunity and any expectation of acknowledgment even despite death. Tasso was credited for different works of expressions including Rinaldo, a story sonnet â€Å"meant to consolidate the normality of the Virgilian with the attractions of the sentimental epic† (NNDB, standard. 1); Torrismondo, a worthy catastrophe; Monte Olivet, a sonnet considered as dull by pundits; Gerusalemme Conquistata, an inauspicious correction of his perfect work of art; and Le Sette Giornate, â€Å"a trite piece in Italian clear verse† ((NNDB, standard. 1). Notwithstanding his disease and reputation, he was to be delegated in Rome by Pope Clement VIII as Italys Poet Laureate however passed on one day before the royal celebration. (Liukkonen, standard. 11) The subjects and idyllic articulation of Tasso unmistakably mirrored the life of the writer with its extraordinary contacts of neediness in the midst of living within the sight of dukes, duchess, sovereign and princess of his time. Like his Aminta, his life finished just nearly being climbed into the acknowledgment of his

English Language and Linguistics for Intervention-myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theEnglish Language and Linguistics for Intervention. Answer: Language Appraisal of the language aptitudes if there should be an occurrence of Brad was done through Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool 2 (CELF/P2) (Reilly et al., 2010). The evaluation results uncovered that Brad has a moderate formative language issue. Notwithstanding, his responsive language was seen as inside ordinary cutoff points. Taking into account this observational assessment, a drawn out objective for Brad has been set. The objective proposes that Brad ought to have age proper expressive language abilities. Along these lines, so as to progress in the direction of this drawn out objective, it is important to achieve an unequivocal momentary objective. It has been shown that Brad experiences powerlessness to structure consonants in spite of the fact that his activities with the vowels have been seen as acceptable. He experiences challenges with articulating capacities. Thus, it might be fixed as a transient objective so Brad might be outfitted with the capacity to outline short yet important sentence that is justifiable to others by using basic vocabularies. Hereditary inclination, pre-birth nourishment notwithstanding nearness of others ailments, for example, that of mental imbalance range issue, Downs condition and others like untimely birth or scholarly handicaps may have been distinguished as potential factors that may prompt spread of language issue (Owens Jr, 2016). If there should be an occurrence of Brad, no such chance is significant. Hence, accentuation must be lead to see precisely the explanation for trouble in expressive language aptitudes. Proactive endeavors must be smoothed out with the goal that the youngster gets the chance of communicating in an appropriate way despite the fact that the advancement may be moderate. In the given situation, it has been recorded that the youngster faces issues in the creation of language and consequently activities must be attempted with the point of helping the kid in articulating straight forward words that bodes well to other people. It must be centered with the goal that the youngster don't experience trouble in understanding straightforward words. In this manner, no specialized languages or troublesome jargon for an offspring of his age ought to be introduced. Learning of new vocabularies must be focused on with the goal that the kid prevails with regards to confining short and straightforward sentences that is fathomable to others also (Leonard, 2014). In this manner, for the youngster to achieve the drawn out objective of having age proper expressive language aptitudes, short however consistent methodologies are required with the goal that he might have the option to develop short and basic sentences in passing on his considerations to other people. Intercession to treat the language shortfalls if there should be an occurrence of Brad requires reasonable consideration. It is basic for both the educators just as the guardians to work untiringly in supporting the kid to accomplish the formative achievements identified with language. Taking into account his challenges, watchmen must inspire him to work on talking and cause him to articulate the dubious bunched and single consonant sounds which showed up increasingly problematic for Brad. At home, guardians must put forth attempts to talk with him through approaching open-finished inquiries that call for replying in complete sentences instead of answering in monosyllables. It has been accounted for in writing that rehearsing discussions consistently may determine positive advantages for the influenced youngster. Falling back on intuitive exercises may be productive for Brad as he will be presented to vernaculars in an elevated manner in this way encouraging the semantic advancement in him (Schleppegrell, 2013). Aside from the locally situated mediations, dynamic association of the experts may be of help to Brad. Proficient assistance may be gainful as far as helping the youngster with language issue. Language discernment for Brad should be sustained to bring about positive results. Related to the help given to him at home, a proper experience with a language instructor will be useful. A language teacher may help in working of his jargon and improving his sentence structure too. Further, the language instructor may control for his mediation at home that should be cultivated by the guardians. Right distinguishing proof of the childs issues may help in settling on down to earth decisions that will address the issue with communicated in language for him. Besides, it is critical to use the strong point of the kid however much as could be expected so as to make it simpler for him to beat the language troubles. Self-guideline of the childs conduct must be energized s o the youngster gets capable to deal with his language issue and guarantee enunciation of important words that helps in development of significant sentences. Correspondence with the youngster will assist with creating in him the language abilities that thus will encourage improvement of socialization (DeGangi, 2017). Choices concerning the administration of language issue for Brad are to be managed by the language instructor to harbor all encompassing results. Discourse According to the case situation of Brad, it is apparent that he experiences issues in articulating words and expressions and end up in expressing words that are not reasonable to other people. Explicit perceptions concerning his discourse examination uncovered that he has moderate to extreme discourse sound issue. Thusly, so as to address his condition, it is basic to address his condition. Long haul objective in such manner will be with the goal that Brad has comprehensible to all audience members and in all specific situations. Phonetic organizing capacity of Brad is undermined that call for brief activity so he doesn't have any issue as for enunciation of words and expressions. With regards to this drawn out objective, the momentary objective will be to plan strategies in which Brad will have the option to articulate straightforward words effectively. It has been discovered that he faces greatest issues as far as fronting of velars, group decrease and skimming. The DEAP assessment has uncovered this finding. In this manner, the momentary objective for him might be set in a manner with the goal that he might have the option to unmistakably articulate the words that he adapts along these lines making it reasonable to the audience members (Bishop Leonard, 2014). Discourse impedance might be all around controlled when satisfactory accentuation is laid on words and articulations involving grouped consonants fricative, semi-vowels. It is critical with respect to the parent to deal with the youngster so he improves his articulations by over and over remedying his sentences (Bowen, 2014). Talking aptitudes must be upgraded if there should be an occurrence of Brad with the goal that he articulates reasonable terms that has clearness and is phonetically right. As discourse is considered as a major aptitude in building social correspondence, subsequently endeavors must be smoothed out to address his discourse. The words, expressions and sentences that he articulates mu st bode well to other people. This thusly will upgrade his confidence and lead to progress of his socialization aptitudes (Nelson, 2014). Consequently, it will be of effect on outline methodologies that will assist him with coping up with discourse sound issue. He will be in a situation to impart in a superior route by sharpening his semantic aptitudes and expressing phonetically right words. Discourse will be improved regarding satisfactory accentuation being laid on expression of straightforward words that will make it simpler for Brad to develop significant sentences reasonable to other people. Discourse sound issue is one of the normal and one of the most happening etymology issues that is caused because of the powerlessness to impart appropriately past a specific age. Each solid inside the discourse has a distinct age that guarantees right phonological request. The primary reason for the Speech Language treatment is to co-ordinate the arrangement of repairman (Sakai Momosaki, 2016). The underlying piece of the language training program is finished by assessment of discourse language. The aftereffect of the assessment encourages the pathologist to choose the correct mediation gauges that can be received by the prerequisite of individual youngsters. On account of Brad, it is fundamental for the language instruction master to appropriately look at the talking capacity of the kid. This can assist with looking at the underlying driver of discourse issue. It is significant for the pathologist to set a distinct objective relying on the present circumstance of the youngster. One of the primary components of the language instruction procedure incorporate ace communicated in language program. This can assist with empowering both verbal and nonverbal method of correspondence inside a youngster. Every objective of the language training encourages a person to upgrade the ability of correspondence. As per Rogalski et al., (2015), there are set an elective type of correspondence that are done through non verbal Method can likewise be viable at times of genuine degree of disease. It is additionally significant for the pathologist to keep a detail record of the advancement after the mediation measures for language training are being executed, which will be useful in cases identified with that of following individual advancement. The specific reason for discourse issue can shift contingent on singular circumstance of each kid. The activities that are actualized in the language instruction incorporate fortifying of the vocal muscle that can help in discourse. It is im perative to make reference to that untreated language training issue for longer period can prompt psychological well-being issues or tension issue. Consequently, hostile to nervousness drug is one of the significant parts the mediation methods are given to the language training confused people. References Minister, D. V., Leonard, L. (Eds.). (2014).Speech and language hindrances in kids: Causes, qualities, intercession and result. Brain research press. Bowen, C. (2014).Children's discourse sound issue. John Wiley Sons. DeGangi, G. A. (2017).Pediatric scatters of guideline in influence and conduct: A specialist's manual for evaluation and treatment. Scholarly Press. Leonard, L. B. (2014).Children with explicit language disability. MIT press. Nelson, K. E. (Ed.). (2014).Children's language(Vol.

Move and position Essay Example for Free

Move and position Essay 1:1 Outline the life structures and physiology of the human body corresponding to the significance of right moving and situating of people The life systems which the physical structure of the body and physiology which is the ordinary elements of the body help people to move their appendages. Muscles have the intensity of constriction in this manner it produce development of the body and permit the issues that remains to be worked out like pivots. While moving somebody/singular recall that the muscles can just move the joint the extent that the bones will permit them. 1:2 Describe the effect of explicit conditions on the right development and situating of an individual If an individual has experience the ill effects of a stroke this may cause loss of development in the appendages on one side of the body (hemiplegia). All things considered it is imperative to recall that when you are helping a person with respect to dressing you have to dress the individual right off the bat the awful side and while stripping him/her you do the awful side finally to forestall inconvenience. Understand more: Identify any impending dangers to the individual exposition Accordingly that mean by following this method you are not pulling their muscles off course. 2:1 Describe how enactment and concurred methods of functioning influence working practices identified with moving and situating people How enactment and concurred methods of functioning influence working practices: Current, neighborhood, UK and European enactment influences strategies and practices. This incorporate Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as altered 2004), Reporting of Injuries, Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (England, Wales and Scotland) Health and Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) request 1 978, Lifting activities and lifting Equipment Regulation (1998( LOLER, The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995, Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) 1999; Disability Discrimination Act (1995), Human Rights Act (1998). In the work environment there is Code of Practice and Conduct, Standards and Guidance pertinent to individual’s job and duties eg wellbeing and security strategies, moving and taking care of arrangements, moving and taking care of methods, Policies on data sharing, hazard evaluation documentation, singular consideration plans, contamination control systems, recording and announcing methodology ect. Every one of these strategies and systems can influence our working practices for instance Manual and Handling is tied in with supporting the heaviness of somebody or moving them yourself by utilizing a gear, If you don't convey this methods securely it could result injury to self, to support client and other person that are working with you. The Health and Safety Work Act (1974) express that half or all mishap revealed every year are from helping individuals with manual and taking care of. The guideline that are set force obligations on businesses, independently employed and workers, they express that businesses must maintain a strategic distance from all unsafe manual taking care of exercises where it is commonsense to do as such. Representatives must follow the work framework set by the business to advance consideration for the wellbeing and security of self as well as other people, agree to the necessity forced on the business, never abuse or meddle with anything accommodated wellbeing, wellbeing and government assistance. Likewise utilize material or hardware just as indicated by suggested systems. 2:2 Describe what wellbeing and security factors should be considered when moving and situating individual and any hardware used to do this Health and security factors that need to consider when moving and situating individual and any gear used to do this are as per the following: Environmental perils: wet or dangerous floor, wires that are hanging or are on the floor and things in the prompt zone that could cause an outing or a fall or forestalling you to move uninhibitedly when utilizing hardware, safety measures for contamination anticipation and controls, guaranteeing any gear is prepared for use and deficiency free, individual prepared in the utilization of any gear and have the right stuff for the moving and situating required; any elements that may influence the individual’s capacity to move or position others eg physical inability or injury, pregnancy or other ailment; strategies to limit danger of injury (back injury) to the individual completing the moving and taking care of; significance of not hauling remembering impact for pressure injuries; significance of wearing appropriate attire that permits free development when bowing or extending; reasonable, safe footwear, gear eg lifts, slides, slide sheets, slings, cushions. 3:3 Identify any impending dangers to the individual: The impending dangers to the individual are as per the following natural variables, hardware, administration client and individual engaged with the moving and taking care of. The administration client could be in harm's way or damage if systems has not completed effectively, individual could be in danger of disease, it could cause agony, distress or grinding from moving, not having appropriate moving and dealing with procedures could be a hazard to person. Those aiding the moving and taking care of, others inside the earth and servicer. Hardware can be defective. Hazard can happen whenever at your work place that why it is essential to consistently check and recognize dangers and attempt to address it straight away ( ie) on the off chance that you are utilizing a sling to lift an assistance client and it has a tear on it regardless of how little the hazard is, on the off chance that it isn't being remedied straight away this could prompt a major hazard and may make unfavorable harm self, administration client and others included. In this way a hazard appraisal plan ought to be set up with the goal that it tends to be changed and actualize as to necessity of administration user’s needs. 3:4 Describe moves to make comparable to recognized dangers Action that should be taken corresponding to distinguished hazard are as per the following: To report it to Nurse in Charge on the job or Manager so chance evaluation plan can be refreshed. Guarantee administration client and all individuals associated with the consideration are caused mindful of the changes, to guarantee staff are actualize systems concurring the update chance evaluation. Guarantee the arrangement configuration agree to the trust necessity approach and staff are working inside those rules. Speaking with the group to discover from staff whether the arrangement set up are working or any progressions should be finished. 3:5 Describe what move ought to be made if the individual’s wishes strife with their arrangement of care according to wellbeing and security and their hazard evaluation Policy and systems corresponding to moving and taking care of may struggle with administration client wishes. Due mishap that incident in work environment due to lifting. Numerous work environment has now embraced NO-Lifting approach which implies that derricks are to use as indicated by their requirements. Anyway on numerous events administration client would prefer not to be lifted and whenever managed it inaccurately, it could leave administration client feeling terrified, undignified, mortified, troubled and debased. As much as representatives needs to follow strategies however you end up in a tough situation because of fundamental human right may have been disregarded. .To forestall struggle between administration client and work environment strategies relating moving and situating you should include administration client in their own hazard appraisal and versatility administration plan if proper. . Hazard appraisal to be center around administration client needs just on Employer needs. . Tolerant Centered Care Plan with consent to support client considering necessity needs. . Wishes of administration client should be adjusted to guarantee business are not getting themselves in danger through moving and situating exercises. By including administration client in their consideration this will advance freedom, self-sufficiency and poise. Administration client may change and portability can improve or decay †which may lead adjusts to their perspective on how they wish to be moved or situated. On the off chance that their desires strife with their arrangement of help, it is essential to report this in the administration client care design and educate the chief and outside office that are associated with the consideration of the administration client. 6:1Describe when guidance as well as help ought to be looked to move or handle an individual securely You would look for counsel: . At the point when person that need moving has inclinations that contention with safe practice. . At the point when hazard can't be managed . At the point when hardware gives off an impression of being worn, harmed or hazardous to utilize . At the point when strategies or gear utilized require more than one individual to utilize it securely . When working independent would surpass individual taking care of cutoff . At the point when individual consideration plan or potentially chance evaluation can't be follow as arranged . At the point when Organizational strategies and methods can't be followed. 6:2 Describe what wellsprings of data are accessible about moving and situating Sources about moving and situating is accessible inside the work setting, for example, arrangements, strategies and manuals, there is additionally guidance from different professionals, for example, nurture, government assistance official, physiotherapist or group exhorting on wellbeing and security eg back consideration, sources outside to the setting including neighborhood authority, essential consideration trust and associations advancing wellbeing and security and thinking about those with physical handicap, Back consideration counsel (BCA).

Poverty in the United States and India an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Destitution in the United States and India Such a large number of countries are dependent upon the developing issue of destitution in its territories. Frequently, nations gaze upward to other dynamic and ground-breaking countries, similar to the United States of America, as a result of its better, if not best, financial and social turn of events. U.S. has been viewed as one of the most compelling nations around the world. It has demonstrated its height after some time because of its great development, matchless quality, immense chances and mechanical progression. Then again, there are numerous nations, which have been on the news consistently, because of upsetting real factors. That is the reason, frequently, individuals have enduring impressions with respect to these nations and the hardship they have. One of those nations is the Hindu country found in South Asia, India. It has been known to be a poor nation, with a large number of individuals passing on from hunger. Apparently, contrasted with the United States, India is to tally to a greater degree an enduring nation. Need paper test on Destitution in the United States and India theme? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue By and by, the United States isn't all that. There is completely more to it, or presumably less, than one would ever envision. Much the same as India, U.S. is likewise experiencing destitution. This is the circumstance wherein people or families have a yearly salary that is not exactly the neediness line set by the U.S. Government. Truth be told, the official neediness pace of U.S. in 2006 was 12.3%, down from 12.6% in 2005 (DeNavas, 2006, p.11). In more measured terms, in 2006, there were 36.5 million Americans who were poor, not exactly a long way from those encountering neediness the earlier year. In any case, this insights is said to be downplayed in light of the way that neediness in the United States is repetitive in nature, which means most destitute individuals cycle all through neediness; they don't remain poor for significant stretches (refered to in Zweig, 2004). Accordingly, unquestionably over 12% of the US populace falls beneath the destitution line at a specific point over various years. Regardless, this despite everything shows a bigger level of Americans who are or who become poor sooner or later. Additionally, around 11% of Americans were denied of nourishment in 2002, and the predominance of nourishment frailty with hunger rose from 3.3% in 2001to 3.5% in 2002 (Nord, 2002, p.6). There are many immediate and backhanded sources, which are inferable from the destitution experienced by Americans. These incorporate troublesome financial conditions, deficient instruction and work openings, normal catastrophes, powerlessness to meet significant expenses of living, and wrongdoing. Then again, India has in certainty experienced ongoing monetary developments. In any case, it despite everything experiences extraordinary destitution. The Planning Commission has assessed that a generous 27.5% of the populace was living beneath the neediness line in 2004 to 2005 (Poverty, 2007, p.6). The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCESU) states that 77% of Indians (or Hindus, as the are honorably called) or 836 million individuals lived on under 20 rupees for each day (this figure as having been recently revealed as either 2 or 0.5 dollars for every day. A significant reason for destitution in India, particularly among provincial individuals, is the absence of access to beneficial resources and monetary assets. India depends on agrarian grounds in remote regions, which have pitiful returns. In this manner, individuals will in general run to urban areas planning to have a superior life. Thus, there have been huge shanties and ghetto zones prompting urban neediness in India. Actually, there had been 20 to 60 million passings because of starvation in Indian settlements. It is very clear the India is in reality enduring more as far as neediness stricken families weighed against the United States. This is predominantly because of the way that the last is without a doubt a more dynamic nation than the Hindu country. Its plentiful assets are utilized all the more widely, and that it has greater ability to prompt quick answers for its destitution rate. India, then again, needs emotional changes to switch its concern of across the board destitution. References DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B.D., and Smith, J. (2006). Pay, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States.U.S. Statistics Bureau, Current Population Reports. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Nandal, S. (2005, November). Degree and Causes of Gender and Poverty in India. Diary of International Womens Studies, 7 #2. Nord, M., Andrews, M., and Carlson, S. (2002). Family Food Security in the United States. U.S. Division of Agriculture, Food Assisatnce and Nutrition Report No. 35. Neediness Estimates for 2004 2005 (2007, March). Administration of India, Press Information Bureau. Zweig, M. (2004). Whats Class Got To Do With It, American Society in the Twenty-first Century. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Doctor Models Medical School Journey

Doctor Model Next up in our series of featured med school bloggers is Natalie, aka Doctor Model, a medical student, mother, fashion model, and blogger at doctormodel.wordpress.com. If youve ever wondered how someone can combine medicine, motherhood, and modeling – and even if you didn’t – you’ll enjoy Natalies thoughtful perspective. Use it to help you make your way through the med school admissions process. Accepted: First, can you tell us a little about yourself – where are you from, where did you go to school and when did you graduate; and what prior degrees do you hold? Natalie: I am from Utah, graduated with a Bachelor of Science from the University of Utah in Chemistry and Health Promotion and Education. I also attended the Masters of Public Health program at the University of Utah that I will complete upon my graduation from medical school. Accepted: What year are you in med school? Natalie: Entering my second year. Accepted: I know you are keeping your med schools name private, but can you still tell us what factors led you to choose this program? Natalie: I chose the school I am attending for several reasons, but the most important was the people. I knew that I would be spending a lot of time with the people – students, faculty and staff – in a very close environment for four years. Four years is a long time, so I wanted to make sure that I fit well into the community. I also chose a program with an excellent reputation and a history of excellent board scores. Accepted: How do you juggle being a med student, mom, and model? Do you plan on continuing your modeling career after you become a doctor? Which is the most challenging of your three roles? Natalie: The juggling is difficult. Sometimes I have completely lost my mind, or broken down crying. I very rarely cried before medical school (and it wasnt because of a lack of reasons). I very often remind myself that medical school is just a job, and a job is never more important than a person, especially family. My priorities are first to my family, then to medical school, and then to modeling. Because of this, my grades are not as high as they could be, I have modeled very little since I began medical school, and while I have missed out on a lot of time with my daughter, I think she is doing very well. Modeling is a tricky business. Because I live in the northwest I may be able to model longer than other markets, but at 24 years old I am already very old for the business. There have been many times I claim to be quitting modeling and I always come back, so who knows, time will tell. Modeling has always been a means for me (a very fun one), and not an end. Being a physician is the career I chose and that will take precedent over my work in the fashion world. Being a mother is by far the most challenging and rewarding of my three roles. Closely followed by my new role as a wife. The responsibility and consequences are paramount in both. Medical school is challenging in a different way. It is more mentally and physically exhausting and has forced me to push myself to limit academically. Modeling is also uniquely challenging and a more difficult job than people give it credit for, but still much easier than my other jobs. Accepted: What is your favorite class so far? Natalie: This is a difficult question to answer. I have loved many of my classes, but the one I loved most was also the most challenging: Neuroscience. The brain is absolutely fascinating and I loved the challenge and difficulty of the course. A close second would be head and neck anatomy lab. Accepted: If you could change one thing about medical school, what would it be? Natalie: The testing and grading. I dont believe that knowledge is best assessed by multiple choice questions. I understand that this is the easiest way to assess masses of students, and it prepares us for our board exams, but I dont believe it best prepares us for patient care. I would prefer oral or essay exams, especially on clinically relevant topics. Accepted: What motivated you to pursue a career in medicine at this stage in your life? Natalie: My answer is the classic boring one: I have always wanted to be a physician. My other paths in life are my hobbies, becoming a physician (and being a mother) are my vocations. It is never too late to start the path to medical school, and there is no good time to attend medical school. If its something you want, you go when you get in and thank God for the opportunity. Do you want to be featured in Accepted.coms blog, Accepted Admissions Blog? If you want to share your med school journey with the world (or at least with our readers), email us at bloggers@accepted.com. Working on your medical school or residency application? Learn how Accepted.com can help you polish your application so it shines! Â  Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Sexism in The Music Industry - Free Essay Example

Sexism in The Music Industry Sexism has two main definitions. It can be defined as a prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex () or as behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex (). There are multiple types of sexism (Old Fashioned, Neo-sexist, and Ambivalent). Most people will try and take a neo-sexist approach. They will try to deny that sexism exists, especially in the music industry. It subjects women to sexual harassment and objectification. It also affects how they are represented within the industry. This affects their record sales and success in the industry overall. Women have to work ten times harder than men in the music industry. Song lyrics also tend to glorify the mistreatment, objectification, sexualization, and brutalization of women. The theory used to analyze this cultural aspect is Symbolic Interactionism. Symbolic interactionism origins go back to the 20th Century when Cooley and Mead began to pave the road for future symbolic interactionist. Cooley and Meads original applied this theory to explain human behavior. They applied it to help gain a better understanding of how our interactions with others affects a person and how it helps one grow. The Chicago School soon followed in their footsteps. Howard S. Becker came along in the late 1950s. His contribution to the theory was his work entitled Outsiders. In this work, he looks at Jazz musicians and marijuana users. Throughout the work, he describes how deviance is a social construct. He believed that these people werent deviants but were seen as deviant because they went against the norm. Beckers research also showed that a high is not a fixed product of the chemical properties of marijuana but a condition that is verbally defined, recognized and learned only in interaction with more experienced users.(). Later on, in the 1950s, Goffman came out with his most important work. He designed and put to use a new dramaturgical model. This model considered interaction with others. It also considered self-presentation. Goffman believed that life is very much like a theatrical performance, everyone has a role to play and different scenes to act out. These scenes can either be heavily scripted or heavily improvised. The model separated a persons life into two separate areas. The two areas are backstage and frontstage. Backstage is where a person is able to relax and practice. Frontstage is where all the practice is put to use. A backstage space is any private space. For example, your room. A front space is any public area. For example, a meeting. All in all, the theory says that we are not born with certain behaviors. It states that we pick up behaviors from our day to day interactions with one another. This theory is important in todays society because this theory actually shows what happens when one human interacts with another. Sexism is a huge problem in society. It plagues women all across the world. It especially plagues women in the music industry. There are three different types of sexism (Old-fashioned, neo-sexist, ambivalent). Old- Fashioned sexism is when a person is very open about the fact that they see the genders differently and they believe that a man should be the breadwinner and the women should take care of the home. Neo-sexism is when a person denies that sexism exists in todays society. Ambivalent sexism can be split into two separate sub-categories (Hostile and Benevolent). Hostile sexism is when men are outwardly derogatory to women, examples of this can be seen in the popular music genre of Rap. Misogyny is heavily present in Rap Music, a leading authority in the Hip Hop culture has said: Hip Hops sexism is visible, vulgar, and expressive. Benevolent Sexism w ithin the music industry is more discreet and is more targeted towards females artists who might be offered in help for sexual acts, this also seen within the Hip Hop culture. Benevolent Sexism often translates to something much darker in other genres of music as well. Sexual assault and abuse are heavily entrenched within the music industry and as stated earlier, men who are usually in positions of power tend to abuse them. Rap Music is not the only music genre with prevalent sexism, heavy metal is notorious for being very sexist. Groupie culture is unique to metal and rock music, some of the experiences that these female fans have are not pleasant. 25 percent of former heavy metal groupies say that they experience some type of sexual assault or rape during their days as groupies. Other women who were not fans but in fact were artists have claimed sexual assault. Music executives often target young females who aim at stardom, by offering the work for success. This was the case with Yasmin Lajoie and Michelle De Vries. At the age of 21, Yasmin Lajoie was offered her dream job as an AR assistant at a Major London music publishing office. In a letter, she wrote she states that casual misogyny was everywhere (Paper Cuts: A Letter by Yasmin Lajoie, 201 8). In this letter, she also mentions how her bosses would make inappropriate jokes and compliment her breast. At 23, she was molested by a manager of an artist they were trying to sign. When she told her bosses, they told her not to make a big deal of it. De Vries assault happened while she was waiting for her work permit to come in. Her bosses made her stay with an older employee. While she was staying with him, he acted completely inappropriate towards her. She said that he would come into her room completely naked. A few months later, De Vries found out that her work permit was approved months before. The harassment didnt end after she moved out. One day the same colleague pulled her and another woman into his office. He then exposed himself and proposed a threesome. She and other women quit soon after the incident. They went to a lawyer and was told if you report this, you will never work in this industry again (Aswad, 2017). Gender Diversity within the music industry is growing especially today, and a good example of that is the Rock group Pussy Riot. In a music genre known for its objectification of women. Pussy Riot paves the way in Russia, where there are few freedoms. Pussy Riot also doubles itself as a political group often getting jailed for performing a song with lyrics that are not too fond of the government. Another example of a woman breaking traditional roles within music is Female Rappers. Female Rappers such as Lil Kim, Missy Elliot, and Roxanne have gained respectable roles within the Rap industry. These women even though successful in their fields still face sexism. Even though diversity in the Music industry is increasing, women still do not hold a sizeable chunk of the music industry. In fact, in some genres the representation of women is actually decreasing, A study mentioned by the New York Times writer, Ben Sisario, stated that female representation in pop music has decreased in the last 6 years. In an Analysis done by Billboard, of 600 songs from 2012 to 2017, that of 1200 artists only 22.4 percent were women. Female producers have the most disappointing statistic with only having 2 percent representation within the music industry. The music industry, however, does have a better representation of woman than some industries. An article published on Forbes website states that Billboard comes up with a list of the 100 powerful people in the music industry. The list includes leaders of tech, management, and recorded music. It has been reported that In 2018, 17% of the list was females, up from 10% in 2017. Men still hold most of the top jobs. (Blistein, 2018`). Many believe that the music industry is still very much a Boys Club. Because of this, its hard for women to break through in music. Women in the music industry dont have the same opportunities as men. In an article written by Jon Blistein, entitled New Study: Music Industrys Greatest Gender Disparity is Behind the Scenes. The article sums up the results from a study conducted by USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative. During the study, researchers studied 600 songs that appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 in the years of 2012-2017. The research showed that only 22 percent of those songs were by females. Even fewer songs -12 percent- had a female songwriting credit(Blistein, 2018). The researchers believed that the studio is what contributes the most to this unfair gender gap. It is very rare for females to get a producer credit on a record. In the few cases when they are given credit, they are also the artist. The researchers also looked at producer credits on the top 100 songs, during 2012, 2015, and 2017. All together they looked at 300 songs with 651 pro ducer credits. Works Cited: Aswad, J. (2017, December 18). Music Executives Accused of Sexual Misconduct, Assault in BBC Report. Retrieved from https://variety.com/2017/music/news/uk-music-executives-accused-sexual-misconduct-bbc-tv-1202643699/ Blistein, J. (2018, June 25). New Study: Music Industrys Greatest Gender Disparity Is Behind the Scenes. Retrieved from https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/new-study-music-industrys-greatest-gender-disparity-is-behind-the-scenes-203036/ Oware, M. (2010). Brotherly Love: Homosociality and Black Masculinity in Gangsta Rap Music. Journal of African American Studies,15(1), 22-39. doi:10.1007/s12111-010-9123- Paper Cuts: A Letter by Yasmin Lajoie. (2018, January 28). Retrieved from https://www.auxoro.com/artists/2018/1/28/a-letter-by-yasmin-lajoie-paper-cuts Seidman, S. A. (1992). Profile:An investigation of sex?role stereotyping in music videos. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media,36(2), 209-216. doi:10.1080/08838159209364168 Sperling, V. (2014). Russian feminist perspectives on Pussy Riot. Nationalities Papers,42(4), 591-603. doi:10.1080/00905992.2014.924490 Vincent, A. (2017, July 07). Keshas comeback: A timeline of her bitter legal feud with Sony and producer Dr Luke. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/news/comeback- kesha-timeline-bitter-legal-feud-sony-dr-luke/

Should Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs - 935 Words

Roy Shurn Jr English 12 Ms. Terry 11/20/14 PED users in sports Everyone wants to win and everyone loves a winner. Athletes are a competitive group and if you are good enough to get into professional sports, you can achieve fame and fortune would you cheat to accomplish? This is the question that many athletes have to answer? What do I mean by cheating? I mean the use of performance enhancing drugs. How many records were made and broken by athletes that used these enhancements. â€Å"According to Marvin Olasky â€Å"Baseball needs to put the steroids era behind if by having and enforcing tough rules against all kinds of arterial advantages so that spring can return Just what are performance enhancing drugs†? What is the history of†¦show more content†¦Anabolic steroids abuse side effects in men and women different. Men can develop breasts and woman may stop menstruating which can cause major damage to the human body. These side effects are permanent even when the steroid use is discontinued. All parts of the body can be affecte d including your behavior studies on steroids abuse reported that anabolic steroids taken in high doses increase irritability and aggression. Many former abusers have reported that they are more aggressive and physical then before the use of anabolic steroids. The most toxic drugs of all steroids that’s athletes are using man made drugs are very sneaky and can’t not be traced by present day drug test also these designer steroids have not being approve by FDA (Food and Drugs Administration). According to Jim Sensenbrenner Several professional athletes have wrongly taught many young Americans by example that the only way to succeed in sports is to take steroids. Designer steroids are anabolic steroids or other steroid-like performance-enhancing drugs designed to be undetectable in drug testing. So when you take a drug test you might get away with it. Banned in most athletic organizations and contests worldwide, some athletes have nevertheless sought ways around the bans just like any other steroids. There are so many thing you can get away with using this drug I think there are some players that got away and never got caught like Alex Rodriguez. Lance Armstrong he has won medals in the

Different Ideas And Thoughts On Child Development

When people see an infant, there are many different ideas and thoughts that swarm into one’s mind. A little girl might be thinking about how cute the baby is and how it would look in her dress up clothes. A teenage boy might be thinking how he never wants one of â€Å"those.† An older man might be thinking about how as the child grows up; his bank account goes down. A woman might be thinking about how beautiful this child is and how he or she is a miracle. After all those thoughts are scraped from the top layer, psychologists, scientists, researchers, and many others force us to look deeper than the baby’s appearance or our personal thoughts. When doing this, one needs to look into child development and the experiences that will shape this child into the person he or she is going to become. From the moment a child is conceived, the world they enter into is playing a role in every aspect of their lives. One-thing children are almost immediately exposed to is music. Music is being played on the car ride home from the hospital, lullabies are sung before a child goes to sleep, and every toy they play with seems to play a different tune with every touch. The songs played may cause the child to dance, laugh, smile, or become sleepy, but music has many more effects than those that can be easily observed. One of the impacts that music has on individuals in general is the improvement in IQ scores. Music has allowed people to receive a higher verbal IQ as well as better visual abilitiesShow MoreRelatedVygotsky And Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development Of Thought And Language Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagesteaching Delvalle, Ailà ­n Florencia Thought and Language: independent processes. With the passing of time, the development of thought and language has been the object of study for psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. 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Java Essay - 1358 Words

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A Common Concern Throughout The Victorian Era - 2100 Words

A common concern throughout the Victorian era was the role women maintained and their position in society. It was expected that both males and females conformed to these roles and followed the gender expectations of their society. Bram Stoker s Dracula describes a post dated European setting in which most women are subject to explicit gender roles and stereotypes. The norm in this society is for women to be modest, prim and proper. However, the novel narrates the possibilities of a situation in which women don t conform and thus are scrutinized. Bram Stoker s purpose in Dracula is to express the threat faced by men when encountering women who are in control of their sexuality and the power that is accompanied with that control. This is†¦show more content†¦When the men are reflecting on the woman Lucy used to be, Jack Seward comments that [they] recognized the features of Lucy Westenra. Lucy Westenra, but yet how changed. The sweetness was turned to adamantine, heartless cr uelty, and the purity to voluptuous wantonness (Stoker, 195). Seward uses very different extreme words to contrast Lucy s character before and after her transition. The words sweetness and purity are associated with the once pure, modest Lucy and the terms adamantine, heartless cruelty and voluptuous wantonness are associated with the new, profoundly sexual Lucy. Seward s descriptions of Lucy indicate that the men are concerned because she too was sexually expressive and that poses a threat to the patriarchal beliefs and values that were set in stone in this era. The author also uses repetition of Lucy s name, Lucy Westenra emphasizing that while the name is still the same, everything else about her is completely different. It is evident that Seward, along with other men are more inclined to perceive modest women more positively than women who are not. As a result of adversely characterized women, Stoker is able to use juxtaposition to convey how men feel about women and their sexu alities. Bram Stoker uses this element of form when Jonathan comes across the beautiful women in the forbidden section of the castle. Jonathan says I am alone in the castle

My Mother said I never should Essay Example For Students

My Mother said I never should Essay All actors portrayed totally different characters, all of which superb and unique. My favourite was Alex. Her role was quite simple, there was no real stereotype she could follow yet the depth of Alex and her problems she held within her made me have empathy for her. The actions were kept to a minimal but the facial expressions showed exactly what Alex was thinking and feeling. I could tell from the start that she loved her mother but didnt have the means, time or patience to look after her and that she thought her mother would be better off somewhere that she could be look ed after properly. The characters naivety of falling in love with a married man and thinking he would leave his wife was a shock because the character seemed as though she was intelligent and level headed enough to listen to her brain. So I thought this was especially good. I also liked the end where she exploded up at the rest of them. It left me speechless, as I wasnt expecting her to do that. I felt mortified for Alex because her world had been turned upside down. I picked this actress because although she wasnt the most noticeable, the complexity of the character was shown throughout and she took me through so many emotions. COMPARISONS:  THE RESPONSE PHASE (summary of work) 1. Investigating the title: My Mother said I never should we looked at the nursery rhyme. I knew gypsies were once tarnished with the same brush as paedophiles. So my group and me explored this and made a short piece showing children listening to their mother and not going off with the strange man wanting to take them away.  2. We got into pairs and noted down the structure of the play. We wrote down the waste ground scenes separately. We briefly explained what happened in each scene. We discovered the nature of the play was episodic, as the plot unfolded. The waste ground scenes reinforced this and the themes. There were references to symbolism and Brecht. 3. We researched, in groups, either set or costume, I chose costume. We looked at the play to find the ages of the 4 children when they first appeared in the play and the time periods. We looked at typical clothing from the time periods relevant and matched it to the description of the characters clothing. We drew models of each character, fully clothed, and wrote notes of each part of the costume. 4. I worked with Danielle, David and Lauren. We investigated act 1, scene 1 to develop the 4 characters. We then made a performance to the group and were hot-seated in role. I feel we spent too much time talking and failed to get into the characters properly by developing them through acting. I prepared for the hot seating which helped me, but I found it hard to come up with things to say and remain in role.  Here we used hot-seating to try and get some depth of character, role-play so we would really feel and act how the character would, and marking the moment with thought tracking to understand what the character thinks behind the physicality of human contact 5. We used a stimulus (ring-a-ring-a-roses poem) to make a short piece. We decided we were going to do our piece based around World War 2. We used various drama techniques including marking the moment, mime, tableau and thought tracking I played a little girl at the end and I had a monologue to perform. I wrote it myself and I thought it was really good. I tried to put feeling into it and thought how I would feel if Id lost my father.  We used various drama techniques including tableau, thought tracking, role-play, crosscutting, and marking the moment. These helped to link in the plot and create an atmosphere. We told the story of what happened in the war and the effects on the families who lost loved once. .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .postImageUrl , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:hover , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:visited , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:active { border:0!important; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:active , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal cruelty Essay6. I worked with Hailey, Lisa and Danielle. We explored act 3 scene 1 so to establish Doris and Margarets relationship, jealousy and the underlying secrets of what they say and what they actually mean. We used thought tracking to develop the subtext of their conversations and to understand the character better and their feelings towards one another. We found they avoided talking to each other about whats really going on in their lives. Our thought tracking was rather powerful at the end because the last lines of speech were said with the thought tracking. We felt it was the only part in the scene where the characters were saying what they meant so the t houghts said it as well to emphasize this. That was my idea and I was shocked at how well it came across. 7. We went to see the play In flame which I really enjoyed. It helped me with the My mother said work. It also gave us something to compare in the evaluation. They used many interesting techniques.  8. I worked with Danielle, Emma and Laura. Mrs Chicken put us into groups and gave us each a monologue, mine had Jackies. We had to highlight the underlying thoughts and reasons behind Jackie giving up Rosie to Margaret and how she really felt about doing it.  We used thought-tracking to get to Jackies true feelings and tableaus to capture the main points where Jackie was finding it tough to bring up Rosie and the events that lead up to her giving her away. Emma read out the monologue and the rest of us acted out the sub-texts. I think I worked well with these people and I enjoyed the assessment. My ideas flowed easily. 9. The teacher lead a discussion about the last waste ground scene and its connections with the scenes before and after it. We found that the first waste ground scene showed Jackie being the boss but in the last one shes by herself and we realised that it coincided with the normal scenes because Jackie was out of the picture at the end of the play.  10. I worked with Emma, Lisa, Lauren and Laura. We used the idea of solitaire at the end of the play and the key texts from act 3 scene 7, to illustrate Keatleys idea that a mother urges her child onwards to success and the child progresses a step further from their mother. We wanted to show the progression of the 4 characters from their mothers with Rosie being the most developed. We played the characters as solitaire pieces and the characters stepped over their mothers to show the gradual progression. We left Rosie to win and interlinked the people actually playing solitaire and winning with her character. We played the final scene at the end because in it Rosie is trying to figure out the secret to solitaire and, as we wanted to show Rosie figuring out how to be the most successful and beating everyone else in life and in the game. (I.e. becoming the winner).

Prestige telephone compny free essay sample

Prestige Data Services is a subsidiary of Prestige Telephone Company, designed to perform data processing for the telephone company and selling computer services to other organizations. The subsidiary started operations in 1995 and has yet to experience a profitable month. Worse, its income was low enough to necessitate a report to shareholders by the end of 1996. Although Rowe was discouraged by results to date, he was reluctant to suggest to Bradley that Prestige Data Services be closed down or sold. Additionally, Rowe was unsure that the accounting reports really revealed the contribution the Data Services was making to Prestige Telephone and also the accounting for separate activities may obscure the costs and benefits they provided. Using the exhibits provided (Exhibit 1 and 2), analysis was made to determine whether Prestige Data Services should be shutdown, or to be allowed more time to demonstrate its profitability. 3. 0 4. 0 QUESTIONS 5. 0 Question 1: Appraise the results of operations of Prestige Data Services. We will write a custom essay sample on Prestige telephone compny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Is the subsidiary really a problem to Prestige Telephone Company? Consider carefully the differences between reported ciosts and costs relevant for decisions that Daniel Rowe is considering. 6. 0 1)The first thing we noticed is that fixed and variable costs are included in the report. However, variable costs are the only costs that should be considered when makingdecisions. It is also important to look at the opportunity cost of the leases for thecomputer equipment, which had four years left and are noncancelable. The purpose of thecompany was to provide a step towards deregulation and would decrease the need for arate increase. Also if they shut down Data Services they would have to pay an outsidecompany to provide this service to Prestige Telephone Company along with lose therevenue from the commercial sales. In regards to the space that Prestige Data uses, theycould potentially rent the out the space to an outside company. There would also be a benefit to laying the personnel off and not having to pay those wages and salaries. However, we came to the conclusion that Prestige Data Services is more of a benefit thanRowe initially thought and should be given more time to show its contribution. 7. Assuming the company demand for service will average 205 hours per month, what level of commercial sales of computer use would be necessary to break even each month. 8. 0 Solution: 9. 0 In order to determine the level of commercial sales of computer use necessary to break even, fixed and variable costs must first be determined. In this case, the variable costs include power, part of operations wage, and materials: 10. 0 Calculating the Variable Cost Behavior Pattern via the High-low Method: 11. 0 Variable Rate = 12. 0 High cost – Low cost 13. 0 14. 0 High activity – Low activity We will assume that $15,000 reimbursement for corporate services provided by Prestige to its subsidiary can be reasonable estimate of the long run consumption of administration resources by Prestige Data Service. 23. 0 24. 0 The total relevant monthly fixed costs for the subsidiary are: 25. 0 Space costs + Computer leases + Maintenance + Depreciation + Fixed portion of the power + Fixed portion of the operations wages + Systems Dev. Maintenance salaries + Administration salaries + Sales salaries + Sales promotion expenses + Corporate services 26. 0 $(9,240 + 95,000 + 5,400 + 26,180 + 109. Thus, the income will be higher if the 138 operations hours are retained. 168. 0 169. 0 Question 4: Can you suggest changes in the accounting and reporting system now used for operations of Prestige Data Services which would result in more useful information for Rowe and Bradley? 170. 0 171. 0 172. 0 REFERENCES: 173. 0 Haider, I. (2004). Prestige Telephone Company – AIM4343 [Online], Available from: http://www. academia. edu/4007644/Prestige-4343-additional_notes_2_ [Accessed on 21 March 2014] 174. 0 Putra Business School. (2013). Accounting for Decision Making. McGraw-Hill Education, Singapore, p. 427. 175. 0

Mentoring Roles in Leadership Development free essay sample

Introduction Leaders are considered as the significant aspect in communities or organizations. The impact of leaders can lead organizations to the success or adversely to the failure in achieving their goals. Many perspectives on this theme had created comprehensive understanding and may be used in many different contexts. The meaning of leader and leadership and other debatable issues associated in its construct should be understood in its context and perspective. Definition of leadership in this topic will focus on knowledge, skills, abilities and traits of the leader in the process of influencing other people or followers to do what the leader want. This definition is proposed by Barker (1997) in possibilities of leadership training which define leadership and management in the same way. To focus on the leadership as a management function is more rationalistic but it is more possible to adapt in organizational practices. In their act to lead or their behaviors to influence other people in organization, leaders have their own values and styles which are different from one another and to be owned originally. We will write a custom essay sample on Mentoring Roles in Leadership Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These values and styles are shaped by many factors along developmental process. In the process to become a leader, a person is influenced by many agencies, i. e. : parents, families, friends, colleges, educations, experiences, etc. Those agencies interact in complicated ways and shape leadership values and styles. One important agency is mentor which is a person who plays a role as guru, coach, model in the process of learning become leaders. Mentor-protege existence is recorded since the old history and has varied interpretations in its practices. However, mentor-protege relationship is proved as a useful method for leaders to develop their leadership role. Mentoring as a means in organization has attracted many researches to study its role and dynamic since it is used to increase personal ability and in the end is hoped can give optimum benefits to organizations. There are many views about the role of mentoring in organizations based on the findings. Even though there are skeptical views about the role of mentoring in organization, I believe that mentoring in a broad definition is a very useful method and should be implemented properly to get its benefits. In the effort to get the clearer insight about mentor-protege phenomena, I will begin with explaining mentor and protege definition, aspects involved in the relationship, benefits of mentor-protege relationship, barrier of a successful relationship, other effects in relationship,and model in mentorship. In the last part, I try to look out relevancy of mentoring in the current organizational context. Definition of Mentorship To have comprehensive understanding about mentor we need to know the root of its word and how this term uses in many fields. There are many definition and debatable issues associated in this definition. However, I suggest to give the meaning of mentor-protege based on its root in mythology. History of Mentor The concept of mentoring can be traced from Greek mythology. In Odyssey of Odysseus, Mentor was the faithful companion of Odysseus, King of Ithaca who took an important role for Telemachus, Odysseus’s son, when the King went off to the Trojan wars. Mentor’s duty was to raise Telemachus and prepare him as the successor of Odyssey. According to Samier (2000,p. 85), based on Odyssey story, there are three fundamental roles in mentoring: guardian, guide, and counselor. While Carruthers (1993,p. 9) explain that in this story, Mentor had a role as a father figure, a teacher, a role model, an approachable counsellor, a trusted adviser, a challenger, an encourager to Telemachus. Carruthers also add the figure with Athene, also from Greek mythology, who sometimes is assumed the form of mentor and acted as mother figure and wisdom. On the other hand, protective aspect of the role Mentor has raised the word â€Å"protege†, come from French verb, proteger means to protect. This word is used to a person who receives mentor interest. Mentor-protege relationships have become a pattern of learning or play a significant factor in development of successful persons along centuries. Head and Gray gave a list of famous persons with mentor-protege relationship from Sir Thomas More until Michael Jackson (Carruthers,1993). This role of Mentor to help Odyssey’s successor in his developmental phase is used in many fields and sometimes in very simple ways. In this discussion, we focus on leadership in organization that needs understanding in integration of intellectual and emotional capabilities of individual. Mentor Concept Although the concept of mentor is real along history and seems simple and easy to understand, in the process of determine a definition, there are many varied views come from many authors. Carruthers(1993) explained a range of definition, from brief definition in Webster Universal Dictionary, ‘mentor is counsellor, wise and prudent adviser’ and Carmin’s comprehensive definition of mentor, ‘mentoring is a complex, interactive process occurring between individuals of differing levels of experience and expertise which incorporates interpersonal or psychosocial development, career and/or educational development, and socialization functions into the relationship. To have a guide for this ‘mentor’ term, Carruthers(1993) proposed that most mentor interpretations can be devided into two categories: the first is which emphasise the professional development only, the second is which emphasise professional and personal development of the protege. In other field, term of mentor also used broadly and there are many debatable issues associated with mentor activity. Wood (1997,p.27) explain mentor happened in Mentor story is the idea of a senior or older person who pay attention to a younger person and acting as an advisor and guide. She also claims that the idea of mentoring in the business world is happened when a junior employee assigned a more senior adviser to help them develop their career. Samier (2000) states that values and interpretations of mentorship are depend on one’s disposition in humanistic or positivistic direction. In his view, mentorship program can be seen as a reaction to the negative effect of modernization which produces alienation in social relation. To study mentoring, it will need phenomenological and hermeneutic perspectives because the subject is interpersonal relationship in professional development which is subjective, symbolic and context-dependent experiences. Mentorship also is seen as a means of addressing equity problems by supporting women and minorities. His view of practical use of mentoring also found in organization, to be function as an innovative means of supporting conventional organizational goals and practices by offering a technique for coping with change. Aspects involved in Mentor Concept Samier (2000,p. 85) state that to construct a comprehensive and clear conceptual framework of mentoring, we need to look its role definition, characteristic of actors, character of relationship and typical phases/stages. These mentoring criteria consist of: Mentoring is a multifaceted and complex role consisting of interventionist, training, and supportive activities; mentors are older, more senior, and at the same workplace or in the same profession; the relationship is personally and affectively grounded, and governed by ethical requirements of voluntarism and mutuality, therefore not reducible to quantifiable measures; and it is a relationship which requires a minimum of two years, and in most cases three to five years, evolve. To fulfill their roles as mentor and protege, there are a number criteria or qualifying characteristics which organized by Samier(2000,p. 88) into organizational status, professional and personal qualities. In organizational status, according to Missirians’s study (1982, in Samier, 2000) mentors are seen as brilliant, charismatic,physically attractive, boundlessly energetic, innovative, and inspiring. While in professional qualities, mentors are seen have the ability to evaluate and apply technical knowledge and skill to the setting through divergent thinking (Schon,in Samier,2000). Come to personal qualities, it is include a broad range of intellectual, social and emotional traits. Anderson and Shannon (1988 in Samier,2000) propose essential dispositions in mentoring which are opening to their protege, leading incrementally and to show that care and concern to personal and professional welfare. On the other hand, proteges must be able to understand and accept their mentors in emotional, intellectual and social ways. Zey (1984 in Samier,2000) identified qualities of proteges that attract mentor which are competence, a desire to learn, initiative,intelligence, ambition, desire and ability to accept power and risk, loyalty, ability to establish alliances, and organizational savvy. Character of the relationship in mentor-protege relationship is perceived as a private, dynamic and mutually transformative relationship which is showed by trust of each other. (Samier,2000). Those Samier’s conceptual framework of Mentor is proposed to give a guidance to understan d mentorship and how to adopt it in organizational strategy. Functions of mentoring relationship as propose by Ragins(1989,p. 2), explain aspects which are training and inside information on the organization and its political function, role of mentor as a counselor, friend, role model and coach, and buffer between organization by running interference for the protege and providing special access to information, contacts and resources. Benefits of Mentor-protege Relationship Considering its broad impact, mentor is hoped to assist his protege in professional and personal development. As defined by Philips-Jones in Carruthers (1997), ‘mentors are influential people who significantly help you to reach your major life goals’. Whitely (1993) finding in his study that career mentoring is particularly related to early career promotion histories, to general work satisfaction and career satisfaction. Bolam,McMahon,Pocklington Weindling (1995) report their study on a national pilot scheme for mentoring new headteachers in England and Wales. The result of this study, the proteges mentioned benefits: help with problems, help to give meaning in their new position, reduce the isolation, obtaining another perspective and improving self confidence. On the other hand, mentors also mentioned benefits they get from relationship which are extending their professional experience, encouraging them to engage in reflective self-analysis, experience of sharing and helping others, acting as a sounding board, hearing alternative views about professional issues. Other view which emphasise the importance of relationship is come from Kram Isabella (1985). They stated that both parties involved in mentor-protege benefit from the relationship. In the process of mentoring, mentors provide young adult with career-enhancing function and psychosocial support while gain technical and psychological support, gain internal satisfaction and respect from colleagues. From a number of functions in mentoring relationship, proteges gain upward mobility in organization. Thus, mentoring relationships have been found as a significant factors in career development, organizational success and career satisfaction (Ragins,1989). Alleman (in Carruthers, 1993) identified organizational benefits from mentor-proteges relationship which are increased productivity by both partners, better assessments, improved management and technical skills, discovered latent talent, refined leadership qualities, improved performance, and better recruitment and retention of skilled staff. Clearly, benefits in mentor-proteges relationship in organizational context have a strong association in leadership. First, from proteges point of view, to experience guidance from their mentor has given them insight to behave properly or to use appropriate leadership style in many situation. It is integrated in their developmental process to gain heir own identity as a leader. Secondly, from mentors point of view, the relationship also add their capabilities as leaders, in this case their ability to develop other people. Other Effects in Relationship Meanwhile, on individual levels mentor-proteges relationship also becomes sources of tension and conflict. Braun (1990 in Samier 2000) states that these tension and conflict vary from peers feeling that the protege has acquired illegitimate advantage, to colleagues not approving of the mentor’s choice in protege, to colleagues and significant others in both the mentor and protege’s lives becoming suspicious in gender different pairing. Beside those inter personal conflict between mentor or protege and people around them, proteges should experience social and professional isolation because special assignments and extra works from those relationship (Missirian,1982 in Samier,2000). Carruters (1993) describes disadvantages in mentor-protege relationship: elitism or jealousy in mentor and protege peers, the Matthew effect which is increases the existing gap, the Salieri phenomenon when a mentor prevents his protege’s outstanding work, spouse jealousy especially if it is involved different gender, and mentor can perceived his protege as a professional threat. Baum (1992) who examined the literature on mentoring from psychoanalytic perspective, state that proteges and mentors also bring fantastic meaning unconsciously. In his view, proteges transfer their affection and identify with mentors. In my opinion, this transfer is one of failure in mentoring process because its not reach self autonomy of proteges but otherwise let proteges in dependent relationship with their mentor. Actually, those disadvantages could be diminished with cautious preparation to its model or the way mentoring program is conducted. Barriers in Mentor-protege Relationship Despite of its promising benefits, there are several factors in mentor-protege relationship that inhibit the process of successful relationship. Samier (2000) suggest that context on organizational level which are culture, systems, size and structure may not be conducive to mentoring. It says that bureaucratic environment often cause mentors and proteges have to engage in covert activities. Zey (1984 in Samier, 2000) found problems in a mentor-protege program which is not explain the purpose to mentors, different view of corporate culture, participants are coerced, poor evaluation process, inadequate contact with mentors and lack of choice in selecting mentors. Mentor-protege relationship is time and energy consuming. It is understandable to find failure in mentoring programs because the lack of support for this program. However, to take this failure as the reason for justify unimportance of the program is immature. Model for Mentorship Program Samier (2000) proposed comprehensive model in planned mentorship program derived from Andrew(1986), Zey(1984), and Murray (1991) which are: Establish clear goals and a program design which meets existing organizational and training and development needs, including staffing plans to absorb graduates; establish criteria and a process for selecting mentors and proteges; advertise, solicit participation, and screen applicants plus enlist cooperation of entire organization; provide initial orientation and ensure commitment; monitor, counsel and assist during mentoring and evaluate the outcomes of the program and provide information for adjustment. Considering a model for mentor-protege program, Carruthers(1993) stated that mentoring as a dynamic process needs to try and fit many different ways. In his view, mentoring may summarized as follows: Mutual choice is advocated; the relationship extends beyond professional interest; there is no evidence of threat, there is mutual need; there is little evidence in the literature that mentoring has disadvantage for the proteges; there is evidence of affection and trust. Model is important to give the rough way how mentoring program should be implemented. As we realize its multifaceted, mentor concept needs to be clearly understood before it take into practice. Mentoring in the Changing Organization Since its practice as a learning process for leadership preparation in Greek mythology until its practical use in human resources management in organization, mentor concept is still relevant to be implemented as organizational tools. However, we should consider other factor such us organizational changing to implement it properly in many different situation. Kram Higgins (2002) proposed that there are four significant changes in nature of career: â€Å"boundaryless† model of work environment, changing nature of technology, organizational structures and membership. Those changes have changed the nature of mentoring relationships today and particularly emerge increasing variance from which individuals get mentoring support. Also in the same point of view, Kram Isabella (1985) started to give alternatives for mentoring with peer relationship, and Keele (1986) proposed networking. Those alternatives and awareness of changing environment in organisation should be considered as enrichment in understanding mentorship role in the process of leadership learning. Conclusion Mentoring as a means in organization has attracted many researches to study its role and dynamic since it is used to increase personal ability and in the end is hoped can give optimum benefits to organizations. There are many views about the role of mentoring in organizations based on the findings. Based on its function, mentor still play a crucial role in the process becoming a leader. There are functions played by mentor-protege relationship which give meaningful progress in individual development. In this relationship, interpersonal or psychosocial development, career and/or educational development happened as the result of interactive process between mentor and protege. Benefits in mentor-proteges relationship in organizational context have a strong association in leadership. First, from proteges point of view, to experience guidance from their mentor has given them insight to behave properly or to use appropriate leadership style in many situation. It is integrated in their developmental process to gain heir own identity as a leader. Secondly, from mentors point of view, the relationship also add their capabilities as leaders, in this case their ability to develop other people. All those benefits emphasize the role of mentoring in leadership which is taking a central role to direct the organization into its success. Mentor program as one of organizations effort to adapt this relationship pattern to maximize personnel development in leadership learning should be implemented carefully. Those to be concerned are: conceptual framework of mentoring, where we need to look its role definition, characteristic of actors, character of relationship and typical phases/stages. Besides that administrator or actors in mentoring program should pay attention to potential effect in relationship and barriers in successful mentoring relationship.

How to Prepare Sample Gmat Essay Questions

How to Prepare Sample Gmat Essay QuestionsSample gmat essay questions are not an easy task to do. There are a number of things that you need to consider while preparing the questions. What is it about?As stated above, a question for a great study is usually designed by a teacher consultant who is closely associated with the university. They are of use to the students when the exam is being graded because they contain a great deal of information that will be useful for solving the most challenging problems in the course. Before going ahead and drafting a question, you have to understand that some questions might have some easy sections which have to be analyzed carefully before answering the questions correctly. The writer should try to think of an easy section as he or she prepares the sample gmat essay questions.When preparing sample gmat essay questions, the writer should always keep in mind the kind of questions that the students were expected to answer in the class, what was aske d by the professor and whether the answer would help him to answer the most difficult questions or not. For instance, if the professor asked the students to prepare a sample for her question, the easy and simple questions might not be required.Some students will find it easier to prepare sample gmat essay questions that are not very difficult. Thus, in order to prepare this kind of question, you will have to examine the basic course material carefully and try to find an easy question, which is difficult but not impossible to solve.In addition, many questions require quite a lot of detailed answers, so it is wise to focus on the gist of the question and the format that are used in the question. A question with a basic structure and a format in which all of the information that needs to be presented in one single line is usually easy to answer.The original information can betaken from any of the readings that you have made during the semester. If the student has not read any of the sp ecific course materials before hand, it is wise to look for other sources of data and then compile them together into a cohesive whole.It is also advisable to look for the answers to the sample question using the information gathered from the previous years, and analyze it very carefully. This way, you will be able to answer the questions successfully.