Sexism in The Music Industry - Free Essay Example

Sexism in The Music Industry Sexism has two main definitions. It can be defined as a prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex () or as behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex (). There are multiple types of sexism (Old Fashioned, Neo-sexist, and Ambivalent). Most people will try and take a neo-sexist approach. They will try to deny that sexism exists, especially in the music industry. It subjects women to sexual harassment and objectification. It also affects how they are represented within the industry. This affects their record sales and success in the industry overall. Women have to work ten times harder than men in the music industry. Song lyrics also tend to glorify the mistreatment, objectification, sexualization, and brutalization of women. The theory used to analyze this cultural aspect is Symbolic Interactionism. Symbolic interactionism origins go back to the 20th Century when Cooley and Mead began to pave the road for future symbolic interactionist. Cooley and Meads original applied this theory to explain human behavior. They applied it to help gain a better understanding of how our interactions with others affects a person and how it helps one grow. The Chicago School soon followed in their footsteps. Howard S. Becker came along in the late 1950s. His contribution to the theory was his work entitled Outsiders. In this work, he looks at Jazz musicians and marijuana users. Throughout the work, he describes how deviance is a social construct. He believed that these people werent deviants but were seen as deviant because they went against the norm. Beckers research also showed that a high is not a fixed product of the chemical properties of marijuana but a condition that is verbally defined, recognized and learned only in interaction with more experienced users.(). Later on, in the 1950s, Goffman came out with his most important work. He designed and put to use a new dramaturgical model. This model considered interaction with others. It also considered self-presentation. Goffman believed that life is very much like a theatrical performance, everyone has a role to play and different scenes to act out. These scenes can either be heavily scripted or heavily improvised. The model separated a persons life into two separate areas. The two areas are backstage and frontstage. Backstage is where a person is able to relax and practice. Frontstage is where all the practice is put to use. A backstage space is any private space. For example, your room. A front space is any public area. For example, a meeting. All in all, the theory says that we are not born with certain behaviors. It states that we pick up behaviors from our day to day interactions with one another. This theory is important in todays society because this theory actually shows what happens when one human interacts with another. Sexism is a huge problem in society. It plagues women all across the world. It especially plagues women in the music industry. There are three different types of sexism (Old-fashioned, neo-sexist, ambivalent). Old- Fashioned sexism is when a person is very open about the fact that they see the genders differently and they believe that a man should be the breadwinner and the women should take care of the home. Neo-sexism is when a person denies that sexism exists in todays society. Ambivalent sexism can be split into two separate sub-categories (Hostile and Benevolent). Hostile sexism is when men are outwardly derogatory to women, examples of this can be seen in the popular music genre of Rap. Misogyny is heavily present in Rap Music, a leading authority in the Hip Hop culture has said: Hip Hops sexism is visible, vulgar, and expressive. Benevolent Sexism w ithin the music industry is more discreet and is more targeted towards females artists who might be offered in help for sexual acts, this also seen within the Hip Hop culture. Benevolent Sexism often translates to something much darker in other genres of music as well. Sexual assault and abuse are heavily entrenched within the music industry and as stated earlier, men who are usually in positions of power tend to abuse them. Rap Music is not the only music genre with prevalent sexism, heavy metal is notorious for being very sexist. Groupie culture is unique to metal and rock music, some of the experiences that these female fans have are not pleasant. 25 percent of former heavy metal groupies say that they experience some type of sexual assault or rape during their days as groupies. Other women who were not fans but in fact were artists have claimed sexual assault. Music executives often target young females who aim at stardom, by offering the work for success. This was the case with Yasmin Lajoie and Michelle De Vries. At the age of 21, Yasmin Lajoie was offered her dream job as an AR assistant at a Major London music publishing office. In a letter, she wrote she states that casual misogyny was everywhere (Paper Cuts: A Letter by Yasmin Lajoie, 201 8). In this letter, she also mentions how her bosses would make inappropriate jokes and compliment her breast. At 23, she was molested by a manager of an artist they were trying to sign. When she told her bosses, they told her not to make a big deal of it. De Vries assault happened while she was waiting for her work permit to come in. Her bosses made her stay with an older employee. While she was staying with him, he acted completely inappropriate towards her. She said that he would come into her room completely naked. A few months later, De Vries found out that her work permit was approved months before. The harassment didnt end after she moved out. One day the same colleague pulled her and another woman into his office. He then exposed himself and proposed a threesome. She and other women quit soon after the incident. They went to a lawyer and was told if you report this, you will never work in this industry again (Aswad, 2017). Gender Diversity within the music industry is growing especially today, and a good example of that is the Rock group Pussy Riot. In a music genre known for its objectification of women. Pussy Riot paves the way in Russia, where there are few freedoms. Pussy Riot also doubles itself as a political group often getting jailed for performing a song with lyrics that are not too fond of the government. Another example of a woman breaking traditional roles within music is Female Rappers. Female Rappers such as Lil Kim, Missy Elliot, and Roxanne have gained respectable roles within the Rap industry. These women even though successful in their fields still face sexism. Even though diversity in the Music industry is increasing, women still do not hold a sizeable chunk of the music industry. In fact, in some genres the representation of women is actually decreasing, A study mentioned by the New York Times writer, Ben Sisario, stated that female representation in pop music has decreased in the last 6 years. In an Analysis done by Billboard, of 600 songs from 2012 to 2017, that of 1200 artists only 22.4 percent were women. Female producers have the most disappointing statistic with only having 2 percent representation within the music industry. The music industry, however, does have a better representation of woman than some industries. An article published on Forbes website states that Billboard comes up with a list of the 100 powerful people in the music industry. The list includes leaders of tech, management, and recorded music. It has been reported that In 2018, 17% of the list was females, up from 10% in 2017. Men still hold most of the top jobs. (Blistein, 2018`). Many believe that the music industry is still very much a Boys Club. Because of this, its hard for women to break through in music. Women in the music industry dont have the same opportunities as men. In an article written by Jon Blistein, entitled New Study: Music Industrys Greatest Gender Disparity is Behind the Scenes. The article sums up the results from a study conducted by USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative. During the study, researchers studied 600 songs that appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 in the years of 2012-2017. The research showed that only 22 percent of those songs were by females. Even fewer songs -12 percent- had a female songwriting credit(Blistein, 2018). The researchers believed that the studio is what contributes the most to this unfair gender gap. It is very rare for females to get a producer credit on a record. In the few cases when they are given credit, they are also the artist. The researchers also looked at producer credits on the top 100 songs, during 2012, 2015, and 2017. All together they looked at 300 songs with 651 pro ducer credits. Works Cited: Aswad, J. (2017, December 18). Music Executives Accused of Sexual Misconduct, Assault in BBC Report. Retrieved from https://variety.com/2017/music/news/uk-music-executives-accused-sexual-misconduct-bbc-tv-1202643699/ Blistein, J. (2018, June 25). New Study: Music Industrys Greatest Gender Disparity Is Behind the Scenes. Retrieved from https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/new-study-music-industrys-greatest-gender-disparity-is-behind-the-scenes-203036/ Oware, M. (2010). Brotherly Love: Homosociality and Black Masculinity in Gangsta Rap Music. Journal of African American Studies,15(1), 22-39. doi:10.1007/s12111-010-9123- Paper Cuts: A Letter by Yasmin Lajoie. (2018, January 28). Retrieved from https://www.auxoro.com/artists/2018/1/28/a-letter-by-yasmin-lajoie-paper-cuts Seidman, S. A. (1992). Profile:An investigation of sex?role stereotyping in music videos. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media,36(2), 209-216. doi:10.1080/08838159209364168 Sperling, V. (2014). Russian feminist perspectives on Pussy Riot. Nationalities Papers,42(4), 591-603. doi:10.1080/00905992.2014.924490 Vincent, A. (2017, July 07). Keshas comeback: A timeline of her bitter legal feud with Sony and producer Dr Luke. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/news/comeback- kesha-timeline-bitter-legal-feud-sony-dr-luke/

Should Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs - 935 Words

Roy Shurn Jr English 12 Ms. Terry 11/20/14 PED users in sports Everyone wants to win and everyone loves a winner. Athletes are a competitive group and if you are good enough to get into professional sports, you can achieve fame and fortune would you cheat to accomplish? This is the question that many athletes have to answer? What do I mean by cheating? I mean the use of performance enhancing drugs. How many records were made and broken by athletes that used these enhancements. â€Å"According to Marvin Olasky â€Å"Baseball needs to put the steroids era behind if by having and enforcing tough rules against all kinds of arterial advantages so that spring can return Just what are performance enhancing drugs†? What is the history of†¦show more content†¦Anabolic steroids abuse side effects in men and women different. Men can develop breasts and woman may stop menstruating which can cause major damage to the human body. These side effects are permanent even when the steroid use is discontinued. All parts of the body can be affecte d including your behavior studies on steroids abuse reported that anabolic steroids taken in high doses increase irritability and aggression. Many former abusers have reported that they are more aggressive and physical then before the use of anabolic steroids. The most toxic drugs of all steroids that’s athletes are using man made drugs are very sneaky and can’t not be traced by present day drug test also these designer steroids have not being approve by FDA (Food and Drugs Administration). According to Jim Sensenbrenner Several professional athletes have wrongly taught many young Americans by example that the only way to succeed in sports is to take steroids. Designer steroids are anabolic steroids or other steroid-like performance-enhancing drugs designed to be undetectable in drug testing. So when you take a drug test you might get away with it. Banned in most athletic organizations and contests worldwide, some athletes have nevertheless sought ways around the bans just like any other steroids. There are so many thing you can get away with using this drug I think there are some players that got away and never got caught like Alex Rodriguez. Lance Armstrong he has won medals in the

Different Ideas And Thoughts On Child Development

When people see an infant, there are many different ideas and thoughts that swarm into one’s mind. A little girl might be thinking about how cute the baby is and how it would look in her dress up clothes. A teenage boy might be thinking how he never wants one of â€Å"those.† An older man might be thinking about how as the child grows up; his bank account goes down. A woman might be thinking about how beautiful this child is and how he or she is a miracle. After all those thoughts are scraped from the top layer, psychologists, scientists, researchers, and many others force us to look deeper than the baby’s appearance or our personal thoughts. When doing this, one needs to look into child development and the experiences that will shape this child into the person he or she is going to become. From the moment a child is conceived, the world they enter into is playing a role in every aspect of their lives. One-thing children are almost immediately exposed to is music. Music is being played on the car ride home from the hospital, lullabies are sung before a child goes to sleep, and every toy they play with seems to play a different tune with every touch. The songs played may cause the child to dance, laugh, smile, or become sleepy, but music has many more effects than those that can be easily observed. One of the impacts that music has on individuals in general is the improvement in IQ scores. Music has allowed people to receive a higher verbal IQ as well as better visual abilitiesShow MoreRelatedVygotsky And Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development Of Thought And Language Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagesteaching Delvalle, Ailà ­n Florencia Thought and Language: independent processes. With the passing of time, the development of thought and language has been the object of study for psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. 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Java Essay - 1358 Words

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A Common Concern Throughout The Victorian Era - 2100 Words

A common concern throughout the Victorian era was the role women maintained and their position in society. It was expected that both males and females conformed to these roles and followed the gender expectations of their society. Bram Stoker s Dracula describes a post dated European setting in which most women are subject to explicit gender roles and stereotypes. The norm in this society is for women to be modest, prim and proper. However, the novel narrates the possibilities of a situation in which women don t conform and thus are scrutinized. Bram Stoker s purpose in Dracula is to express the threat faced by men when encountering women who are in control of their sexuality and the power that is accompanied with that control. This is†¦show more content†¦When the men are reflecting on the woman Lucy used to be, Jack Seward comments that [they] recognized the features of Lucy Westenra. Lucy Westenra, but yet how changed. The sweetness was turned to adamantine, heartless cr uelty, and the purity to voluptuous wantonness (Stoker, 195). Seward uses very different extreme words to contrast Lucy s character before and after her transition. The words sweetness and purity are associated with the once pure, modest Lucy and the terms adamantine, heartless cruelty and voluptuous wantonness are associated with the new, profoundly sexual Lucy. Seward s descriptions of Lucy indicate that the men are concerned because she too was sexually expressive and that poses a threat to the patriarchal beliefs and values that were set in stone in this era. The author also uses repetition of Lucy s name, Lucy Westenra emphasizing that while the name is still the same, everything else about her is completely different. It is evident that Seward, along with other men are more inclined to perceive modest women more positively than women who are not. As a result of adversely characterized women, Stoker is able to use juxtaposition to convey how men feel about women and their sexu alities. Bram Stoker uses this element of form when Jonathan comes across the beautiful women in the forbidden section of the castle. Jonathan says I am alone in the castle

My Mother said I never should Essay Example For Students

My Mother said I never should Essay All actors portrayed totally different characters, all of which superb and unique. My favourite was Alex. Her role was quite simple, there was no real stereotype she could follow yet the depth of Alex and her problems she held within her made me have empathy for her. The actions were kept to a minimal but the facial expressions showed exactly what Alex was thinking and feeling. I could tell from the start that she loved her mother but didnt have the means, time or patience to look after her and that she thought her mother would be better off somewhere that she could be look ed after properly. The characters naivety of falling in love with a married man and thinking he would leave his wife was a shock because the character seemed as though she was intelligent and level headed enough to listen to her brain. So I thought this was especially good. I also liked the end where she exploded up at the rest of them. It left me speechless, as I wasnt expecting her to do that. I felt mortified for Alex because her world had been turned upside down. I picked this actress because although she wasnt the most noticeable, the complexity of the character was shown throughout and she took me through so many emotions. COMPARISONS:  THE RESPONSE PHASE (summary of work) 1. Investigating the title: My Mother said I never should we looked at the nursery rhyme. I knew gypsies were once tarnished with the same brush as paedophiles. So my group and me explored this and made a short piece showing children listening to their mother and not going off with the strange man wanting to take them away.  2. We got into pairs and noted down the structure of the play. We wrote down the waste ground scenes separately. We briefly explained what happened in each scene. We discovered the nature of the play was episodic, as the plot unfolded. The waste ground scenes reinforced this and the themes. There were references to symbolism and Brecht. 3. We researched, in groups, either set or costume, I chose costume. We looked at the play to find the ages of the 4 children when they first appeared in the play and the time periods. We looked at typical clothing from the time periods relevant and matched it to the description of the characters clothing. We drew models of each character, fully clothed, and wrote notes of each part of the costume. 4. I worked with Danielle, David and Lauren. We investigated act 1, scene 1 to develop the 4 characters. We then made a performance to the group and were hot-seated in role. I feel we spent too much time talking and failed to get into the characters properly by developing them through acting. I prepared for the hot seating which helped me, but I found it hard to come up with things to say and remain in role.  Here we used hot-seating to try and get some depth of character, role-play so we would really feel and act how the character would, and marking the moment with thought tracking to understand what the character thinks behind the physicality of human contact 5. We used a stimulus (ring-a-ring-a-roses poem) to make a short piece. We decided we were going to do our piece based around World War 2. We used various drama techniques including marking the moment, mime, tableau and thought tracking I played a little girl at the end and I had a monologue to perform. I wrote it myself and I thought it was really good. I tried to put feeling into it and thought how I would feel if Id lost my father.  We used various drama techniques including tableau, thought tracking, role-play, crosscutting, and marking the moment. These helped to link in the plot and create an atmosphere. We told the story of what happened in the war and the effects on the families who lost loved once. .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .postImageUrl , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:hover , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:visited , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:active { border:0!important; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:active , .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284 .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u645d61fced5ed473c621ed676ec8d284:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal cruelty Essay6. I worked with Hailey, Lisa and Danielle. We explored act 3 scene 1 so to establish Doris and Margarets relationship, jealousy and the underlying secrets of what they say and what they actually mean. We used thought tracking to develop the subtext of their conversations and to understand the character better and their feelings towards one another. We found they avoided talking to each other about whats really going on in their lives. Our thought tracking was rather powerful at the end because the last lines of speech were said with the thought tracking. We felt it was the only part in the scene where the characters were saying what they meant so the t houghts said it as well to emphasize this. That was my idea and I was shocked at how well it came across. 7. We went to see the play In flame which I really enjoyed. It helped me with the My mother said work. It also gave us something to compare in the evaluation. They used many interesting techniques.  8. I worked with Danielle, Emma and Laura. Mrs Chicken put us into groups and gave us each a monologue, mine had Jackies. We had to highlight the underlying thoughts and reasons behind Jackie giving up Rosie to Margaret and how she really felt about doing it.  We used thought-tracking to get to Jackies true feelings and tableaus to capture the main points where Jackie was finding it tough to bring up Rosie and the events that lead up to her giving her away. Emma read out the monologue and the rest of us acted out the sub-texts. I think I worked well with these people and I enjoyed the assessment. My ideas flowed easily. 9. The teacher lead a discussion about the last waste ground scene and its connections with the scenes before and after it. We found that the first waste ground scene showed Jackie being the boss but in the last one shes by herself and we realised that it coincided with the normal scenes because Jackie was out of the picture at the end of the play.  10. I worked with Emma, Lisa, Lauren and Laura. We used the idea of solitaire at the end of the play and the key texts from act 3 scene 7, to illustrate Keatleys idea that a mother urges her child onwards to success and the child progresses a step further from their mother. We wanted to show the progression of the 4 characters from their mothers with Rosie being the most developed. We played the characters as solitaire pieces and the characters stepped over their mothers to show the gradual progression. We left Rosie to win and interlinked the people actually playing solitaire and winning with her character. We played the final scene at the end because in it Rosie is trying to figure out the secret to solitaire and, as we wanted to show Rosie figuring out how to be the most successful and beating everyone else in life and in the game. (I.e. becoming the winner).

Prestige telephone compny free essay sample

Prestige Data Services is a subsidiary of Prestige Telephone Company, designed to perform data processing for the telephone company and selling computer services to other organizations. The subsidiary started operations in 1995 and has yet to experience a profitable month. Worse, its income was low enough to necessitate a report to shareholders by the end of 1996. Although Rowe was discouraged by results to date, he was reluctant to suggest to Bradley that Prestige Data Services be closed down or sold. Additionally, Rowe was unsure that the accounting reports really revealed the contribution the Data Services was making to Prestige Telephone and also the accounting for separate activities may obscure the costs and benefits they provided. Using the exhibits provided (Exhibit 1 and 2), analysis was made to determine whether Prestige Data Services should be shutdown, or to be allowed more time to demonstrate its profitability. 3. 0 4. 0 QUESTIONS 5. 0 Question 1: Appraise the results of operations of Prestige Data Services. We will write a custom essay sample on Prestige telephone compny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Is the subsidiary really a problem to Prestige Telephone Company? Consider carefully the differences between reported ciosts and costs relevant for decisions that Daniel Rowe is considering. 6. 0 1)The first thing we noticed is that fixed and variable costs are included in the report. However, variable costs are the only costs that should be considered when makingdecisions. It is also important to look at the opportunity cost of the leases for thecomputer equipment, which had four years left and are noncancelable. The purpose of thecompany was to provide a step towards deregulation and would decrease the need for arate increase. Also if they shut down Data Services they would have to pay an outsidecompany to provide this service to Prestige Telephone Company along with lose therevenue from the commercial sales. In regards to the space that Prestige Data uses, theycould potentially rent the out the space to an outside company. There would also be a benefit to laying the personnel off and not having to pay those wages and salaries. However, we came to the conclusion that Prestige Data Services is more of a benefit thanRowe initially thought and should be given more time to show its contribution. 7. Assuming the company demand for service will average 205 hours per month, what level of commercial sales of computer use would be necessary to break even each month. 8. 0 Solution: 9. 0 In order to determine the level of commercial sales of computer use necessary to break even, fixed and variable costs must first be determined. In this case, the variable costs include power, part of operations wage, and materials: 10. 0 Calculating the Variable Cost Behavior Pattern via the High-low Method: 11. 0 Variable Rate = 12. 0 High cost – Low cost 13. 0 14. 0 High activity – Low activity We will assume that $15,000 reimbursement for corporate services provided by Prestige to its subsidiary can be reasonable estimate of the long run consumption of administration resources by Prestige Data Service. 23. 0 24. 0 The total relevant monthly fixed costs for the subsidiary are: 25. 0 Space costs + Computer leases + Maintenance + Depreciation + Fixed portion of the power + Fixed portion of the operations wages + Systems Dev. Maintenance salaries + Administration salaries + Sales salaries + Sales promotion expenses + Corporate services 26. 0 $(9,240 + 95,000 + 5,400 + 26,180 + 109. Thus, the income will be higher if the 138 operations hours are retained. 168. 0 169. 0 Question 4: Can you suggest changes in the accounting and reporting system now used for operations of Prestige Data Services which would result in more useful information for Rowe and Bradley? 170. 0 171. 0 172. 0 REFERENCES: 173. 0 Haider, I. (2004). Prestige Telephone Company – AIM4343 [Online], Available from: http://www. academia. edu/4007644/Prestige-4343-additional_notes_2_ [Accessed on 21 March 2014] 174. 0 Putra Business School. (2013). Accounting for Decision Making. McGraw-Hill Education, Singapore, p. 427. 175. 0