African American History and Women Timeline

What have African American women contributed to American history? How have they been affected by historical events? Find out in the timeline, which includes these: events featuring African American womenbirth and death dates for many notable African American womengeneral African American events which had significant impact on African American women and families as well as menevents involving key women whose work influenced African American history, for instance the involvement of many European American women in anti-slavery workbirth and death dates for key women whose work was important in African American history, for instance in anti-slavery or civil rights work Start with the timeline period youre most interested in: [1492-1699]  [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-] Women and African American History: 1492-1699 1492 †¢ Columbus discovered America, from the perspective of Europeans. Queen Isabella of Spain declared all indigenous peoples her subjects, in the lands claimed by Columbus for Spain, preventing the Spanish conquerors from enslaving the Native Americans. The Spanish thus looked elsewhere for the labor they needed to take advantage of the New Worlds economic opportunities. 1501 †¢ Spain permitted African slaves to be sent to the Americas 1511 †¢ first African slaves arrived in Hispaniola 1598 †¢ Isabel de Olvero, part of the Juan Guerra de Pesa Expedition, helped to colonize what has since become New Mexico 1619 †¢ (August 20) 20 men and women from Africa arrived on a slave ship and were sold in the first North American slave auction -- by British and international custom, Africans could be held in servitude for life, though white Christian indentured servants could only be held for a limited term 1622 †¢ Anthony Johnson, son of an African mother, arrived in Virginia. He lived with his wife, Mary Johnson, in Accomack on Virginias Eastern Shore, the first free Negroes in Virginia (Anthony taking his last name from his original master). Anthony and Mary Johnson eventually founded the first free black community in North America, and themselves held servants for life. 1624 †¢ Virginia census lists 23 Negroes including some women; ten have no names listed and the rest only first names, likely indicating lifetime servitude -- none of the women are listed as married 1625 †¢ Virginia census lists twelve black men and eleven black women; most have no names and do not have the dates of arrival that most white servants in the census have listed -- only one of the black men and women has a full name listed 1641 †¢ Massachusetts legalized slavery, specifying that a child inherited its status from the mother, rather than the father, reversing English common law about 1648 †¢ Tituba born (Salem witch trials figure; probably of Carib not African heritage) 1656 †¢ Elizabeth Key, whose mother was a slave and father was a white planter, sued for her freedom, claiming her fathers free status and her baptism as grounds -- and the courts upheld her claim 1657 A daughter of a free Negro Anthony Johnson, Jone Johnson, was given 100 acres of land by Debeada, an Indian ruler. 1661 †¢ Maryland  passed a law making every person of African descent in the colony a slave, including all children of African descent at birth whatever the free or enslaved status of the childs parents. 1662 †¢ Virginia House of Burgesses passed a law that a childs status followed the mothers, if the mother was not white, contrary to English common law in which the fathers status determined the childs 1663 †¢ Maryland passed a law under which free white women would lose their freedom if they married a black slave, and under which the children of white women and black men became slaves 1664 †¢ Maryland became the first of the future states to pass a law making it illegal for free English women to marry Negro slaves 1667 †¢ Virginia passed a law stating that baptism  could not free slaves by birth 1668 †¢ Virginia legislature declared that free black women were to be taxed, but not white women servants or other white women; that negro women, though permitted to enjoy their freedome could not have the rights of the English. 1670 †¢ Virginia passed a law that Negroes or Indians, even those free and baptized, could not purchase any Christians, but could purchase any of their owne nation [race] (i.e. free Africans could buy Africans and Indians could buy Indians) 1688 †¢ Aphra Behn (1640-1689, England) published the anti-slavery Oroonoka, or the History of the Royal Slave, first novel in English by a woman 1691 †¢ The term white is first used, rather than specific terms like English or Dutchman, in a law referring to English or other white women. 1692 †¢ Tituba disappeared from history (Salem witch trials figure; probably of Carib not African heritage) [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Antigone and Othello Tragic Heroes Essay examples

Othello and Antigone are both tragic heroes. They do great deeds and have great power or strength. For example, Othello defeats Venices enemies. Antigone makes sure that a Theban right is a Theban due. But fatal character flaws destroy the lives of the two heroes. Both of them suffer from pride and uncontrolled passion. Othello is so proud of his integrity and courage that he doesnt recognize his violent temper and his manipulability by Iago. Antigone is so proud of her commitment to the true, the right, the proper, and the correct that she doesnt respect differing, less passionate opinions. Antigone tragic specific representation in the law between the country and God, while Othello tragic is reflected in Othello’s character defect.†¦show more content†¦In accordance with the concept of nature, the tragedy of the conflict cannot maintain itself; it must deny themselves, in which the tragedy of denying itself the solution of the conflict must actively out --- the eter nal justice. Eternal justice with the tragedy of figures revealed the destruction of their purpose, their respective maintained its individual specificity (one-sided) damage to the ethical entity and its unity, a calm state; but this one do with the particularity of the destruction, eternal justice put the ethics of physical unity bounce back. In Hegels view, eternal justice is not an external evaluation contracting power, such as the end of the world in general to the god of evil and promoting the ultimate punishment, but as a direct negation inherent in the conflict, it denied both by the one-sidedness which reveals itself. Othello is a frank and straightforward, honorable people. He believed that life is good, and society is fair; he treat people with sincerity, and believed that he can be received with honor. He wholeheartedly loves Desdemona, his own honor and dignity of all their faith in the awful happy marriage. Yet just at this time Igon told him that Desdemona has affair with its own honorable lieutenant Cassio, he was overwhelmed by this sudden blow, psychology began to lose balance, Othello caught in the pain and contradiction, a moment that Desdemona is chastity, and the next minuteShow MoreRelatedTragic Hero1598 Words   |  7 PagesTragic Hero From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A tragic hero is a protagonist with a tragic flaw, also known as fatal flaw, which eventually leads to his demise. The concept of the tragic hero was created in ancient Greek tragedy and defined by Aristotle. Usually, the realization of fatal flaw results in catharsis or epiphany. The tragic flaw is sometimes referred to as an Achilles heel after the single fatal flaw of the Greek warrior Achilles. [citation needed] Aristotelian tragicRead MoreClassical Tragedies And Romantic Tragedies2060 Words   |  9 Pagesbefore. Playwrights were given the opportunity to take from a wide selection of human events and create new forms of tragedy rather than producing sterile imitations of overdone myth and legend. â€Å"He may even mingle the serious and the comic and produce tragic-comedy, like Hamlet, or serious comedy, like Measure for Measure† (Gerhard 18). This provides spectacular comparisons in Greek tragedy and Romantic tragedy and what was accepted in the culture of the time. As Haigh puts it â€Å"According to the prevailingRead More The tragic in Antony and Cleopatra Essay3706 Words   |  15 PagesThe tragic in Antony and Cleopatra His captains heart, Which in the scuffles of great fights hath burst The buckles on his breast, reneges all temper And is become the bellows and the fan To cool a gipsys lust. Antony and Cleopatra seems to have a special place in Shakespeares works because it is at a crossroad between two types of play. It clearly belongs to what are generally called the Roman plays, along with Coriolanus and Julius Caesar. But it is also considered a tragedy. TheRead MoreA Summary On Tragedy 2914 Words   |  12 Pageswere the ideas of Aristotle challenged and his explanation of a tragic work established the format of tragedy. Aristotle was never questioned and thus his explanation of tragedy stood for centuries however, as literature develops the requirements of a tragedy have begun to change. In current tragedies not all tragic heroes suffer because of a specific tragic error, not all tragic plots contain scenes of recognition, and not all heroes are recognized individuals. Numerous types of dramas have developedRead MoreThe Renaissance and It’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pagesby the Church. The genre of tragedy is rooted in the Greek dramas of Aeschylus (525-456 B.C., e.g. the Oresteia and Prometheus Bound), Euripides (ca. 480?-405 B.C., e.g. Medeaand The Trojan Women) and Sophocles (496-406 B.C., e.g. Oedipus Rex and Antigone). While Shakespeare probably did not know Greek tragedy directly, he would have been familiar with the Latin adaptations of Greek drama by the Roman (i.e. Latin-language) playwright Seneca (ca. 3 B.C.-65 A.D.; his nine tragedies include a MedeaRead MoreThe Origins Of Drama And Theatre2001 Words   |  9 PagesMerriam-Webster Dictionary). This refers to drama being performed live by actors on a stage. Ancient Greece is accredited to inventing theatre and drama. In Greece during that time, at the height of popularity, were the stories of the well known flawed heroes and their journeys. Ancient Greece Comedy was a popular type of play in Ancient Greece, only second to Tragedy. These types were described in many details in Poetics, by Aristotle. He expressed that a comedy is â€Å"an imitation of inferior peopleRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesBless Me,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to Arms Song of Solomon Ghosts The Stone Angel The Great Gatsby The Stranger Heart of Darkness A Tale of Two Cities The House of Mirth Their Eyes Were Watching God Jude the Obscure 2003 (Form A): According to critic Northrop Frye, â€Å"Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that

Blame For Ww1 Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Blame For Ww1 Essay, Research Paper The incrimination of get downing World War One is an issue that until today is still non resolved. Many historiographers every bit good as committees tried to happen the state or individual responsible for the war but their findings are really different. This issue is unresolved because no one individual, event or state is to the full responsible for the eruption of war ; it was the actions and fortunes that existed before the war, between the states that fought, that triggered the beginning of World War One. Sidney Bradshaw Fay was one of the people who wrote about the guilty party of the First World War. Fay states that none of the European states wanted war nevertheless in each of the states, political and military leaders did certain things that lead to the declarations of war and the mobilisation of military personnels. These leaders besides failed to detain the oncoming of war. Harmonizing to Fay each state was, to some grade, guilty of the war. Fay wrote that Austria was more responsible for the immediate cause of the war than any other state. He writes that Austria was moving in self-defence against the gnawing Serbian and Jugoslav agitation which her leaders believed threaded he being. Besides after the shot of the archduke, Count leopard von Berchtold, the Austrian foreign curate hastily declared war against Serbia in order to prevent all attempts at mediation. He even refused the advice of his Alliess to come to an understanding with Russia, on the footing of a military business of Belgrade as a pledge that Serbia would transport out the promises in her answer to the ultimatum. Fay wrote in Origins of the World War that Serbia was partly responsible for the eruption of war. Like any other state in the 19th century they wanted to be liberated from foreign regulation. When Serbia looked for aid from Russia the two states became Alliess. Therefore after the shot of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, Mr. Pashitch the Prime Minister of Serbia took no stairss to detect who committed the blackwash. When Austria asked Serbia to assist them happen the individuals responsible for the offense, Serbia refused. He besides wrote that it turns out that Mr. Pashitch was cognizant of the secret plan to kill the Archduke three hebdomads before it occurred but did nil to halt the bravos from traversing the lodger. Serbia s guilt lies in the fact that notwithstanding the information the Prime Minister had nil was done to forestall the program from being completed. Germany excessively was in portion responsible for war. Harmonizing to Fay Germany largely tried to forestall the eruption of war nevertheless, Germany s geographical place lead to their demand to protect themselves. Germany is between Russia and France where Germans felt really threatened. They felt that they should protect themselves since Russia was likely to step in in the Balkan Problem and that England would non remain impersonal but ally itself with France. Harmonizing to Fay German mobilisation was an act of self-defense and Germany did non at all want war. Fay continued to compose that Russia besides was partially responsible for the Austro-Serbian struggle because it often encouraged Belgrade ; Serbian national integrity would be achieved with Russian aid at Austrian disbursal. Because of this encouragement Serbia thought she could acquire assist from Russia in instance of war with Austria. Otherwise Serbia would hold non done so many things that threatened peace. However Russia was non every bit ready as she appeared, she was still retrieving from the Russo-Japanese war and was non ready for a European battle with Teutonic Powers, said Fay. Due to their unprepared state of affairs, Russia put restraints on Serbia. But in the spring of 1914, Russia felt they reigned much of what they lost in the Russ-Japanese war and were ready to contend Europe, which make Serbia confident in her actions sing the blackwash of the Archduke. Harmonizing to Fay the portion that France played in the induction of the war is less clear, because France has non made a full publication of their paperss. However during the President Maurice Paleogue s visit to Russia it is clear that he told the Tsar that France would back Russia, as an ally in forestalling Austria for mortifying or powderizing Serbia. The president was really supportive and did non seek to keep Russia from military steps which he knew would name forth German counter-measures and cause war, wrote Fay. Therefore the Russian Gallic confederation would do France to take some of the incrimination of the First World War, because of the Gallic support of Russia. Harmonizing to Fay, the mistake of Great Britain in forestalling the World War was because Sir Edward Grey did non make one of two things, which coul vitamin D have prevented war. Fay wrote If early in the crisis, he had acceded to the goad of France and Russia and given a strong warning to Germany that, in a European War, England would take the side of the Franco-Russian Alliance, this would hold led Bethmann to exercise an earlier and more effectual force per unit area on Austria. If this had merely been known, the war could hold been prevented because, as Fay thinks, Austria would hold non declared war on Serbia. Fay besides wrote that if Sir Edward Grey had listened to German goad, and warned Russia and France before in the crisis, war could hold been prevented if England stated that they would stay impersonal. England s nonpartizan mentality would hold made Russia hesitate with her mobilisation and France would hold put force per unit area on St. Petersburg to hold peace negotiations alternatively of traveling to war. The Commission on War Guilt was came up with it s ain guilty party on the cause the First World War. Harmonizing to the Commission the chiefly duty remainders foremost on Germany, secondly on Turkey and Bulgaria. The duty is made all the graving tool by ground of the misdemeanor by Germany and Austria of the neutrality of Belgium and Luxembourg, which they themselves had guaranteed. The first ground that Germany and Austria-Hungary are at mistake, harmonizing to the committee, is the empathic ultimatum with a really short clip bound they sent to Belgrade. They expected Serbia to non accept the ultimatum giving them grounds to pay war on Serbia. In order to keep peace Serbia s Alliess urged the state to hold to the demands. They yielded. But Germany mobilized before they received Serbia s understanding to the ultimatum. The Commission besides wrote that they Entente Powers tried to happen a peaceable solution of the difference. On July 25, Sir Edward Grey proposed mediation but Germany refused saying that this war was an issue or arbitration non of mediation. The undermentioned twenty-four hours Russia tried to negociate straight with Austria but the offer was refused. The twenty-four hours after that England wanted to keep a European conference but Germany refused. The Commission fundamentally regards Germany and Austria as the chief grounds that the war broke out and was non controlled. Bernadotte E. Schmitt besides wrote about the cause of the First World War. He wrote that many of the factors that lead to the war happened many old ages before, in the bend of the century. For illustration the October Crisis and so some old ages subsequently the Balkan Wars in 1912-13. Harmonizing to Schmitt, Germany was at mistake because they felt that they could win the war on the premise that England would stay impersonal ; but England did fall in the ground forces on the opposing side. Germany besides thought that war was a good agencies of covering with the threat of socialism, which seemed to be steadily increasing, wrote Schmitt. He besides wrote that without Germany being portion of the confederation system the war would hold neer broke out. Austria-Hungary was at mistake for making the untimatum. They could hold predicted that Serbia would accept about anything to forestall war. However even though Austria go the ultimatum they broke off diplomatic dealingss and declared war on Serbia on July 28. Russia s duty lies in the fact that they supported Serbia in military power. Even though Russia was still seeking to retrieve from the Russo-Japanese war, they were willing to assist Serbia in a war against Germany. Their chief ground for making this was to guarantee that Russia could still utilize Serbia as entree to the Mediterranean they needed for trade and military intents. Each of these three positions on the war guilt have valid points, nevertheless this means that no one state is personally responsible for the war. The shot of the Archduke, although believed to be the chief ground for war, was merely a little part of the cause. If the Archduke was non changeable some other small thing would hold brought out the mounting tenseness felt by they European states. It is besides non just ot say that chiefly Germany and Austria were at mistake. The other states tried to hold peace negotiations, nevertheless nowhere is it written what each state s grounds were for holding these negotiations. Possibly their dockets were non as clear or good as they appeared on the surface. The confederation system was one of the chief grounds for the war. In a state of affairs where every state must be loyal to another in instance of a war, no 1 remains impersonal to intercede in the war. Had the system non existed any war that potentially broke out between Austria and Serbia could hold been stopped or slowed by impersonal states but since none of the great powers of Europe were non in an confederation no 1 was left to do any attempt in halting the war.

Contract Administration Cost Business Consultant

Question: Describe about the Contract Administration for Cost Business Consultant. Answer: Introduction For every construction contracts and tendering, every company and stakeholder personnel must abide by some contract laws and directions passed by the respective authorities. Similarly, Australia has some rules and guidelines called Australian General Conditions of Contract (Porwal and Hewage 2013). This report is to produce a statement for finding the best contract most appropriate for Curtin University. Comparison between AS 2124 and AS 4300 Contracts There are two contracts AS 2124 and AS 4300 that are suitable for Curtin University. However, they have to select one of the two contracts that are most suitable for their requirements. Moreover, both the two clauses have their advantages and disadvantages that need to be analyzed and proper selection is to be made. AS 2124 This contract mainly deals with some rules and policies for commercial public sector projects. This contract stated that: The law governing the Contract, its interpretation, any agreement to arbitrate and the conduct of any arbitration or litigation, is the law of the State or Territory stated in Annexure A. Unless otherwise provided, prices are in Australian currency and payments shall be made in Australian currency at the place stated in Annexure A. Communications between the Principal, the Superintendent and the Contractor shall be in the English language. Measurements of physical quantities shall be in Australian legal units of measurement within the meaning of the National Measurement Act 1960, as amended from time to time. Where provisions in the General Conditions of Contract are expressed to be alternatives and the Contract fails to state which alternative applies, the first alternative shall apply. (Votano and Sunindijo 2014) AS 4300 - This contract mainly deals with some rules and policies for commercial design and construction projects. This contract stated that: Under Clause 47 one party shall serve on the other and the Superintendent a Notice of Dispute by hand or certified mail. Notwithstanding this process is invoked the performance of the contract shall continue (i.e. works and time continue to run). Clause 47.2 provided 2 alternative procedures (Alternative 1 applies by default pursuant to Annexure A, Item 52). The parties are to confer as specified and if not resolved within a specified time the matter is deemed to be referred to Arbitration. If the dispute escalates to arbitration, a nominated will hear and determine the matter. Arbitrations are governed by uniform state legislation that prescribes the manner and form as well as the process for reviewing an arbitrators award (which is limited). (Hardie and Love 2013) AS 2124 mainly deals with the basic guidelines for trade or exchange and has set some definite units and currencies that must be used during trade exchange. The main advantage of this clause is that it can be easily followed in Australia as all the points are easily understandable by the workers and management involved in the project. The main disadvantage of this clause is that it does not really provide any guideline regarding other important factors that are to be followed before the project like land dispute, resource management and others. AS 4300 is a more strict policy and deals with the minute but serious procedures that must be followed during the project. However, it does not state anything regarding the exchange and trade processes (Thomas and Wright 2016). The main advantage of this clause is that it provides strict guidelines regarding land and resource use. However, the disadvantage is that some unexpected consequences may result in the significant loss of the project management team. Conclusion From the study, AS 4300 is suggested for Curtin Universitys medical school project. This is because, although it is a public sector project, the company should emphasize on the design and construction guidelines as the company has already planned for some unique design inputs. Event 2 Introduction This report is to inform the executive director of Prime Projects about some disputes and claims of the losing tenderers. Most of the tenderers are claiming that the tender process was not conducted fairly and they have solid evidences against the process and the chosen tenderer. Claims of Losing Tenderers As per the claims of the losing tenderers, the tender process was not conducted fairly and the selection of tenderer was made based on the low price factor rather than the quality of services offered. Moreover, they are claiming that they have solid evidences that the winning tenderer have not even submitted confirmation of the tender but the company has still selected them. The concerned authority must look into this matter and find some ways in order to stop this dispute. Several important points can be advised to the authority. The authority should accept and analyze the reports and proofs presented by the loosing tenderers regarding the issue (Mitkus and Mitkus 2014). They should also re-examine the tendering and contract declaration processes. The company should review the documents and forms presented by the winning tenderer before the tendering process. The company should also analyze the points on the basis of which, the winning tenderer was chosen. If the claims of the losing tenderers are found to be valid, then the company can take the following actions. The company can immediately terminate the contract of the winning tenderer and reconduct the tender process. The company should sit with the winning tenderer regarding the tender process and the discrepancies noted in the contract process (Bailey 2014). If a mutual agreement is reached, the company can impose a deadline within which the winning tenderer will have to provide quality work that is required by the company. If none of the points are feasible, the company should seek legal help. Conclusion All the points mentioned are only mere suggestions. The authority holds the right for actions that they want to take and it will take any suitable action against any misconducted procedure or fraud company. Event 3 Introduction Curtin University have decided that they will draft contract conditions based on the AS 2124 clauses. Now, the university has to select a suitable form of performance undertaking in order to enhance the project performance undertaken by the company (Zou and Sunindijo 2013). This report is aimed to suggest the best performance undertaking clause that will really help to enhance project performance. Analysis of the Form of Performance Undertaking There are two options available to the company i.e. security to retention monies or recourse to retention monies. Security to retention monies provides security to retention monies and provides some protection policies. On the other hand, recourse to retention monies provides some guidelines for recoursing and recouping retention moneys (Mariappanadar 2013). It also provides some strict guidelines regarding transferring and handling of retention monies. The main advantage of security to retention monies policy is that it allows some rigid policy structure for retention monies. It also looks after the security of retention monies that are used and kept by the contractor (Klee 2015). However, the main disadvantage is that it fails to provide rigid rules regarding the handling and possession of retention monies. The main advantage of recourse to retention monies policy is that it provides rigid rules and guidelines regarding handling and possession of retention monies (Cakmak, Irlayici and Cakmak 2013). It also provides some strict rules regarding the use of retention monies during project management. However, the main issue with the recourse to retention monies policy is that it contains a number of management risks and other security issues and hence, although it provides some rigid management policies, it is too risky to implement in case of projects in which, huge amount of money is involved (Doloi 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded that the best policy for the company to follow is security to retention monies policy. First, it will provide secure handling and management of retention monies. Secondly, the flexibility of the policy means the company can implement some changes and modifications in the contract policy during the course of the project. Thirdly, the policys guidelines are easy to follow and the rules are easy to implement. On the other hand, the recourse to retention policy is too risky and it does not provide any strict guidelines on the security of retention monies. Moreover, the non-flexibility of the policy will also provide barriers for the company dealing with huge amount of money for the purpose of the project. Event 4 Introduction The company has assigned a subcontractor namely, Trump Engineering Pty. Ltd. for some subparts of the construction project. This assignment for Trump Engineering also contains some contractual obligations that they must honor or will face legal action or termination from their employers (Aibinu and Sudha Venkatesh 2013). This report contains the contractual obligations needed to be followed by Trump Engineering Company. Contractual Obligations of Trump Engineering and Complete Contractors The contractual obligations of Trump Engineering are as follows: Agreements of service have been reached between the two companies regarding the services and payments (Ndekugri and Rycroft 2014). Now, Trump Engineering must abide by the contractual clauses imposed or will faced immediate legal action. Trump Engineering must be able to meet the requirements of quality as agreed mutually between the two parties (Shokri-Ghasabeh and Chileshe 2014). If the company fails to provide sufficient quality of services, legal actions will be taken and they may also face termination. The employer company has all right to change or terminate the contract if the requirements are not met. If the requirements are met, the payments will be done as per the agreed transfer of money. Complete Contractors previously worked with Trump Engineering and they do not have good management experience with them (Hampson et al. 2014). Hence, they alerted Curtin University regarding poor management system at Trump Engineering and their failure to meet sufficient quality of service. However, Curtin University still employed them as subcontractors but after that, Trump Engineering have again failed to provide sufficient quality of service (Laryea and Ibem 2014). Now, Curtin University can take certain steps. They should take immediate steps against Trump Engineering for not being able to meet the requirements of quality and fraud services. Curtin University can also take legal action against Trump Engineering; so that they are not able run their business anymore. In case the university is unwilling to take extreme steps, they should give a deadline to Trump Engineering so that they can improve their services. Otherwise, extreme actions will have to be taken. The university should also demand proof documents containing the fraud services provided by Trump Engineering in the past. They can use them as evidences against Trump Engineering. Conclusion In this report, some vague ideas regarding the contractual obligations of Trump Engineering and Complete Contractors are given. They must abide by the rules and clauses as the contracts have been mutually agreed and Curtin University have all rights to take suitable legal actions against any of the companies if the requirements are not met or the contractors fail to meet the clauses agreed mutually between the company and the contractors. Hence, Curtin University should deal with the situation carefully and take actions that deem suitable to them. References Aibinu, Ajibade, and Sudha Venkatesh. "Status of BIM adoption and the BIM experience of cost consultants in Australia."Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice140, no. 3 (2013): 04013021. Bailey, Julian.Construction Law. Crc Press, 2014. Cakmak, Pinar Irlayici, and Emre Cakmak. "An analysis of causes of disputes in the construction industry using analytical hierarchy process (AHP)." InAEI 2013 Architectural Engineering Institute Conference, pp. 3-5. 2013. Doloi, Hemanta. "Rationalizing the implementation of web-based project management systems in construction projects using PLS-SEM."Journal of Construction Engineering and Management140, no. 7 (2014): 04014026. Hampson, Keith, Judy A. Kraatz, and Adriana X. Sanchez.RD investment and impact in the global construction industry. Routledge, 2014. Hardie, Mary, and Philip Love. "The Role of Industry Based Learning in a Construction Management Program." InAustralasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building-Conference Series, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 12-19. 2013. Klee, Lukas.International construction contract law. John Wiley Sons, 2015. Laryea, Samuel, and Eziyi O. Ibem. "Patterns of technological innovation in the use of e-procurement in construction."Journal of Information Technology in Construction19 (2014): 104-125. Mariappanadar, Sugumar. "Do retirement anxieties determine bridge employment preference? A study among pre-retirees in the Australian construction industry."Personnel Review42, no. 2 (2013): 176-204. Mitkus, Sigitas, and Tomas Mitkus. "Causes of conflicts in a construction industry: a communicational approach."Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences110 (2014): 777-786. Ndekugri, Issaka, and Michael Rycroft.JCT98 Building Contract: Law and Administration. Routledge, 2014. Porwal, Atul, and Kasun N. Hewage. "Building Information Modeling (BIM) partnering framework for public construction projects."Automation in Construction31 (2013): 204-214. Shokri-Ghasabeh, Morteza, and Nicholas Chileshe. "Knowledge management: Barriers to capturing lessons learned from Australian construction contractors perspective."Construction Innovation14, no. 1 (2014): 108-134. Thomas, Reginald William, and Mark Wright.Construction contract claims. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Votano, Simon, and Riza Yosia Sunindijo. "Client safety roles in small and medium construction projects in Australia."Journal of Construction Engineering and Management140, no. 9 (2014): 04014045. Zou, Patrick XW, and Riza Yosia Sunindijo. "Skills for managing safety risk, implementing safety task, and developing positive safety climate in construction project."Automation in Construction34 (2013): 92-100.

Psy 315 Final Essay Example

Psy 315 Final Essay Evolutionary theories often emphasize that humans have adapted to their physical environment. One such theory hypothesizes that people should spontaneously follow a 24-hour cycle of sleeping and waking—even if they are not exposed to the usual pattern of sunlight. To test this notion, eight paid volunteers were placed (individually) in a room in which there was no light from the outside and no clocks or other indications of time. They could turn the lights on and off as they wished. After a month in the room, each individual tended to develop a steady cycle.Their cycles at the end of the study were as follows: 25, 27, 25, 23,24, 25, 26, and 25. Using the . 05 level of significance, what should we conclude about the theory that 24 hours is the natural cycle? (That is, does the average cycle length under these conditions differ significantly from 24 hours? ) (a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing. (b) Sketch the distributions involved. (c) Explain your answer to someone who has never taken a course in statistics. Part A. Step 1. Ho=M=24(null) H1=M24(alternative) Step 2. X| | | 25| 0| 0| 27| 2| 4| 25| 0| 0| 23| -2| 4| 24| -1| 1| 25| 0| 0| 26| 1| 1| 25| 0| 0| x= 200 S2=10/7= 1. 42857S2M=S2/N=10? 7/8=0. 17857 SM=Sm2= 0. 422577 Step 3. (=. 025, DF=7) =2. 365 =. 05 /2= . 025 (two tailed test) So if the sample gt; 1. 895 We reject H0 Step 4. Sample = 2. 366 Step 5. Since 2. 66gt;2. 365 we will reject the null hypothesis/HO Part B. . The results show that the average sleep cycle is not 24 hours. This allowed us to reject the null hypothesis. We used the data to determine if the average person’s sleep cycle was 24 hours. After examining the information we see that is not the case. 18. Twenty students randomly assigned to an experimental group receive an instructional program; 30 in a control group do not.After 6 months, both groups are tested on their knowledge. The experimental group has a mean of 38 on the test (with an estimated population standard devi ation of 3); the control group has a mean of 35 (with an estimated population standard deviation of 5). Using the . 05 level, what should the experimenter conclude? (a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing, (b) sketch the distributions involved, and (c) explain your answer to someone who is familiar with the t test for a single sample but not with the t test for independent means. Exp Control a=. 05 N1=20 n2=30M1=38 m2= 35 S1=3 s2= 5 Step 1. Ho:M1=M2 H1:M1gt;M2 Step 2. S2 = 19(3)2 + 29(5)2 = 896 = 18. 667 30+20-2 48 (SM1) 2 = 18. 667/20 (SM2)2 = 18. 667/30 (SM1)2 = . 9333(SM2)2 = . 62222 S2 Difference = S2M1 + S2M2 = 1. 5556 DF= 20+30-2=48 Sdiff= 1. 5556 = 1. 247 Step 3 Cut off (=.. 05, DF= 48) = 1. 677 Step 4 Sample = 38-35 = 2. 405 1. 247 Step 5 Since 2. 405 gt; 1. 677 Reject H0 This exprerimanet shows that the on average the experiment group scored better than the controlled group. This is show that the treatment was successful. 17.Do students at various universities differ in how sociable they are? Twenty-five students were randomly selected from each of three universities in a region and were asked to report on the amount of time they spent socializing each day with other students. The result for University X was a mean of 5 hours and an estimated population variance of 2 hours; for University Y, ; and for University Z, . What should you conclude? Use the . 05 level. (a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing, (b) figure the effect size for the study; and (c) explain your answers to parts (a) and (b) to someone who has never had a course in statistics.College XCollegeYCollege Z M=5 S2=2M=4 S2=1. 5M=6 S2=2. 5 N=25N=25N=25 Step 1 Null H0: M1=M2=M3 (DON’T EXPECT DIFFERENCE) H1: At least one of them will differ. Step 2. Dfwi= 75-3=72 Dfbt= 3-2=1 F (2,72) Step 3. F( 2,72) =3. 125 Step 4. A) GM = 5+4+6 = 15 = 5 3 3 S2M = ( M-GM) 2 = (5-5)2 +(4-5)2 + (6-5)2 = 0+1+1 = 2 = 1 Dfbet3-1 2 2 S2wi= (2+1. 5+2. 5)/3 = 2 F= S2bet = 25 = 12. 5 S2wi 2 Step 5 12. 5gt;3. 1 25 which rejects H0 R2 = (S2 bet) (DF bet) = (25)(2) = 50 = . 577 (S2bet)(Dfbet) + (s2wi)(Dfwi) (25)(2) + (2)(72) 194 This study shows us that student do vary a great deal on how social they are from school to school. ******************Answers for 11, 12 ttached********************************* 11. Make up a scatter diagram with 10 dots for each of the following situations: (a) perfect positive linear correlation, (b) large but not perfect positive linear correlation, (c) small positive linear correlation, (d) large but not perfect negative linear correlation, (e) no correlation, (f) clear curvilinear correlation.For problems 12 to 14, do the following: (a) Make a scatter diagram of the scores; (b) describe in words the general pattern of correlation, if any; (c) figure the correlation coefficient; (d) figure whether the correlation is statistically significant (use the . 05 significance level, two-tailed); (e) explain the logic of what you have one, writing as if you are speaking t o someone who has never heard of correlation (but who does understand the mean, deviation scores, and hypothesis testing); and (f) give three logically possible directions of causality, indicating for each direction whether it is a reasonable explanation for the correlation in light of the variables involved (and why). 12. Four research participants take a test of manual dexterity (high scores mean better dexterity)and an anxiety test (high scores mean more anxiety). The scores are as follows. (c) (e) (d) (f) Person Dexterity Anxiety 1 1 10 2 1 8 3 2 4 4 4 -2

EPA

EPA Most people often take for granted the simple things in life, which although simple, are also the foundation of life itself. These simple things come in the form of clean air, water, and land for us and our future generations. The protection of the environment has become increasingly important as we now realize the damage that our generation along with previous generations have done to the environment. From bustling New England cities to the quite farmlands of the Midwest, America has come to realize the need to relate and protect the environment from industrial and agricultural pollution, thus the EPA was formed.The protection of ?human health and the environment? is the simple yet powerful mission of the Environmental Protection Agency or EPA. The EPA was established in 1970 after a national cry for safer and cleaner air, water, and land in America. This agency was part of the new informal agenda committee which combined with other agricultural agencies and like the FDA and USDA.Se wer Pipe for New Water Pollution Control Plant i...The major duty of the EPA was to clean up pervious polluted areas and to help reduce and prevent future pollution through the development of new environmental regulation that the EPA would enforce after being passed by Congress. Since establishing the EPA in 1970, hundreds of bills have been passed by Congress with the ambition to prevent future pollution and hazards to human health. Helping to offset some of the daunting tasks in front of the agency, the EPA uses the states to help enforce regulation. The states also benefit from the multiple programs funded by the EPA through state environmental grants.As countries advance into developed, economic nations, environmental protection begins to take a larger portion of public concern and the government is eventually forced to face environmental problems. The EPA was the first...

Middle East Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East Business - Essay Example The paper tells that there are various things that companies do wrong when they try growth into the Middle-East. For example, they overlook the culture of the people in such countries. Most nations in the Middle East have conservative cultures that do not accept some forms of conducting business that is prevalent in the West. Additionally, there are issues of tax policies and compliance that differ in most nations of the Middle East. Therefore, when companies ignore such grave matters of significance then there is bound to be the failure. Alternatively, due diligence is paramount in nations in Asia. This is through the transparency of tax and financial tax records in order to allow the effective transaction. In other words, nations in the Middle East require accountability when dealing with foreigners. Furthermore, another greatest undoing of most companies is the transfer concerned with pricing documentation. This is whereby there is the general transfer of pricing audit in the busi ness environment. On that note, organizations that do not comply with transfer price audits are destined to fail. Apart from the aforementioned factors, there is also the issue of complete understanding of labor contract law in order to avoid the contravention of the stipulated contracts. This is meant to set up labor relationships that would be beneficial to the business instead of being a source of losses. However, there are other most important things one is supposed to do when conducting business in the Middle East. For example, it is imperative to respect the culture of the peoples living in those nations in order to avoid simple violations of customs and traditions. Another fundamental issue is to study the tax policies and compliance rules of the countries in that continent in order to encourage transparency and accountability. In the same prospect, it is critical to study the corporate governance of the market of such nations. This suggests that the financial reporting shoul d work in conjunction with internal controls.

Case study 10B Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study 10B - Assignment Example This type of story carries a negative impact on the team and everything associated with it. The reporters should look for such stories within their localities and work professionally and diligently. The reporter did not invade Sandusky’s privacy, this is due to the reasoning that the interview was to gather information in relation to the sexual abuse claims lodged against the coach. The interview would have mounted into an invasion of privacy if it was mainly focused on the coach’s private life and not a matter that resulted in the infringement of the rights of the children. Costas and other reporters should have conducted interviews on every individual associated with the team, this is the teammates of the victims, the assistant coaches, the school and any other person that might have witnessed such actions. The interview was fair and it will help a great number of people and children to open their eyes and look out for such actions performed by people. The utilitarian model theory suggests that it is ethical to ham and individual or small group of people for the greater good. The television network should have aired the interview when children were watching as they are the ones that are mostly affected by such actions and once it happens most of them tend to go silent about it. Through airing of the interview when children are watching it will allow them to watch out for such instances and report such cases earlier in future. The interview does not harm Sandusky’s constitutional right to a fair trial. Mr. Sandusky had a right not to answer the interview questions. Furthermore the matter was handled by a competent court and followed due process. The network did nothing wrong in attempting or conducting the interview. This type of journalism deserves numerous awards and it does not really matter who reported it. The interview shades light into issues affecting the society that needs immediate attention from every individual in a

Comparison-Contrast life before the internet vs life after the Essay

Comparison-Contrast life before the internet vs life after the internet - Essay Example Camacho indicates that it was tedious to send since it could take up to an hour or longer to write and then stuff the letter into an envelope, fix a stamp and then drop into a mailbox. It took quite a few days for the letter to be delivered. Today we are at advantage since we can sit in front of a computer and type an e-mail then send with just one click of a button and it reaches its destination right away. As technology advances, we have also seen changes in conversation; these differences may be seen as more of an improvement rather than a mere paradigm shift as with letters versus email (Camacho, para3). Earlier, the only way of having a conversation was through a live conversation with someone at a distant location over the telephone. Telephone has evolved along with the internet and now there is more option available to us. We can now use a choice of instantaneous messengers on the computer to chat, in addition to having a phone dialogue with someone. The way people live, play and work has been changed by the internet. People book all the elements of a vocation online and play travel agent unlike before when one had to go all the way to the booking office and do the bookings. Today people can arrange their bills to be paid automatically even when they are not there physically. The internet has brought a lot of changes and faster reachable information.

Concepts of Bias in the Media

Concepts of Bias in the Media What is Media Bias? What is media bias? It is the perception, correct or incorrect, that television, print, and online content particularly journalism lacks objectivity and either consciously or unconsciously skews to favor a particular ideology, agenda, or point of view, political or otherwise. The term is generally (though not exclusively) employed by conservatives who are frustrated by their perception that the news media is relentlessly liberal and unfair in its coverage of news events. A simple Google search of the phrase media bias in fact turns up an overwhelmingly disproportionate number of conservative or rightward leaning sites raging against liberal bias in the news. Arguably, then, media bias is a term that is used as a tool in political warfare: The press is often thought of as a unified voice with a distinct bias (right or left depending on the critic). This simplistic thinking fits the needs of ideological struggle, but is hardly useful in coming to a better understanding of what is hap pening in the world. (Cline, 2005) Deeper insight is critical into understanding what media bias is, beyond a buzz phrase. It is perhaps unlikely that true objectivity is possible given the inherently subjective nature of human perception and experience. Human communication always takes place in a context, through a medium, and among individuals and groups who are situated historically, politically, economically, and socially. (Cline, 2005) Balance in journalism, however, is not only possible but also desirable. It is also possible and desirable for journalists to be aware of their own prejudices and/or biases and to adjust the methodology of their news reporting accordingly. Taking pains to seek out as many sides of an issue as can be reasonably included in a story is the minimum a journalist can do to ensure balance, even if complete objectivity is ultimately unfeasible. To the extent that it occurs, however, bias is neither necessarily inherently unfair, nor does it necessarily imply untruth. Facts are facts, and although they can be used selectively and manipulated to support a certain ideological point of view, the truth is ultimately what a good journalist seeks, or at least a fair array of facts which allows the consumer of the news report to come to his or her own conclusion as to what the truth is. In his Media / Political Bias essay, news media professor Andrew R. Cline poses a variety of questions which may be used to determine whether media bias truly exists in any given news story. Here are a few of them: What is the authors / speakers socio-political position? With what social, political, or professional groups is the speaker identified? For example, numerous recent reports have shown that various departments in the United States government (including the Department of Defense, Social Security Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services) have been producing news segments, complete with fictional reporters and anchors hired by the government, which are then dispersed to television and radio stations as if they were press releases. In many cases, news outlets have run these spots unedited and without attribution explaining that the source is the government. This practice by the Bush Administration has provoked outrage from all political corners, some of which have dubbed the practice propagandistic and fascistic. Given the conservative ideological slant of the Bush Administration, it is unreasonable to assume that these faux news segments are without bias, particular ly after the Administration publicly rejected the finding of the Congressional Government Accountability Office that such stories designed to resemble independently reported broadcast news stories so that TV stations can run them without editing violate provisions in annual appropriations laws that ban covert propaganda. (Lee, 2005) Who would the government go out of its way to give itself permission to not disclose to media outlets that the Bush Administration produced its pre-packaged news segments? As alluded to above, the mere fact of their engaging in such activity does not mean that the positions advocated by the government are without merit or lacking in factual accuracy, but it is peculiar, if the Administration believes in the factual veracity of its productions, that they are unwilling to let them be subjected to scrutiny. It is therefore incumbent upon the news stations to reveal the source of these news segments, and/or seek other points of view with which to balance t he point of view articulated in these segments. Does the speaker have anything to gain personally from delivering the message? Making headlines of late in the United States is the so-called right-to-life case of Terri Schialvo, a brain-dead woman who has been on life support since an accident in 1990 that left her in a coma. Her husband and legal guardian has on twelve separate occasions received the blessing of a variety of courts to disconnect her feeding tube and allow her to die, saying he is convinced that not only does she have no hope of recovery, but she would not have wanted to live in such a vegetative fashion. However, Miss Schialvos parents disagree and want her kept alive. They hired a spokesman to handle all their media interactions, a man by the name of Randall Terry. Who is Mr. Terry? He was famous as an anti-abortion activist in the 1980s and 1990s, whose organization Operation Rescue advocated harassment and violence as a means to stop abortions and to conduct protests at abortion clinics. A 1998 lawsuit put a st op to Operation Rescues activities, leaving Mr. Terry without his key cause, and, presumably, means to earn a living. Can Mr. Terry be trusted as an objective, fair spokesperson for Terri Schialvo, given his bias? Is his goal an altruistic one, i.e. simply to save Terri Schialvos life, such that it is, or does he have another agenda, to further his own career and the cause of the religious fundamentalists who refuse to accept the various court decisions giving Mr. Schialvo the right to terminate his wifes life? Mr. Terrys own words may give some insight into his ultimate goals: In a 1995 speech, for example, Terry reportedly said of doctors who perform abortions, When I, or people like me, are running the country, youd better flee, because we will find you, we will try you and we will execute you. (Miner, 2003) This is a peculiarly ironic and hypocritical warning, given Mr. Terrys proclamation in defense of the sanctity of human existence: Life is life. (Miner, 2003) Given these fac ts, it is unlikely Mr. Terry can be trusted to be unbiased or objective given his ulterior motives and personal belief system both of which he is entitled to, but ought to be fairly and fully disclosed by those reporting on the Terry Schialvo case. How does the speaker present arguments? Is the message one-sided, or does it include alternative points of view? Does the speaker fairly present alternative arguments? Does the speaker ignore obviously conflicting arguments? If the message includes alternative points of view, how are those views characterized? Does the speaker use positive words and images to describe his/her point of view and negative words and images to describe other points of view? Does the speaker ascribe positive motivations to his/her point of view and negative motivations to alternative points of view? The most effective way to explore this series of questions is to utilize the macro-example of the Fox News Channel, owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation, employs the slogans We Report, You Decide and Fair and Balanced, when in fact Fox News is anything but. First, the chairman of Fox News, Roger Ailes, was the campaign manager for George Bush, Sr.s 1988 presidential campaign, and a political consultant for several subsequent Republican candidates. The 2004 documentary Outfoxed obtained internal Fox News memos that documented directives from senior management instructing news editors, assignment editors, and anchors to focus on stories mirroring talking points issued by the Republican Party on a daily basis. Notably, the Republican Party line that Democratic Senator John Kerry, George W. Bushs opponent in the 2004 presidential campaign, was a flip-flopper, is employed dozens of times by Fox News anchors out of the context of editorials, following a March 16, 2004 memo from Fox Ne ws executive John Moody setting the story of the day, which says, Kerry, starting to feel the heat from his flip-flop voting record, is in West Virginia. The documentary also shows several clips in which Fox News anchors deliver other shockingly unfair and unbalanced lines on-air, such as Assuming the unthinkable happen and Senator Kerry becomes president Former Fox News reporter John DuPre details how he was sent to California to cover Ronald Reagans 90th birthday party at the Reagan Library, only to find only a handful of citizens had showed up; when he tried to tell his superiors there was no story to be covered, he was told to lie on air that a huge crowd had amassed nonetheless. Later, DuPre was suspended and then resigned. The media watchdog organization Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) conducted a study analyzing six months of Fox News Channel programming (June to December 2003) to see if, in fact, the proportion of its guests political viewpoints was indeed fair and balanced. The study determined that 57 percent of guests were explicitly conservative, 12 percent were centrist, and 11 percent were liberal or progressive. These data speak for themselves. Another remarkable aspect of Fox News Channels analysis of current events and news is the way in which it characterizes opinions that run counter to the conservative Republican point of view. Outfoxed shows conservative talk show host Bill OReilly repeatedly demanding on several different occasions that his liberal guests shut up when they disagree with him after OReilly denies on camera that he has only silenced a guest once in such a manner. When OReilly guest Jeremy Glick, whose parents were killed in the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, expressed his opinion that President Bush had helped create a foreign policy environment which fomented the hatred of Al Qaida against the United States, OReilly flew into a rage and threatened bodily harm on the air to Glick unless he left the building. On the Fox News Channel talk show Hannity Colmes, co-host Sean Hannity taunted actress Janine Garofolos stance against the Iraq war by taunting her: Saddam Hussein loves you. Ultimately, one of the most damning statistics is an October 2003 poll of regular Fox News viewers which showed that 67% believed the United States had found a link between Iraq and Al Qaida, an assertion completely unsupported by facts and explicitly rejected by President Bushs bipartisan 9/11 Commission. Can any reasonable person come to the conclusion that Fox News Channel is seeking to provide the truth to its viewing audience? What is even more chilling, however, is that several Rupert Murdoch-owned media outlets in Australia refused to run ads for Outfoxeds theatrical release in that country, claiming the film was offensive, and (unsuccessfully) threatened lawsuits to prevent its release in the United States. Fox News Channel has the First Amendment freedom to say whatever it cares to on-air, whether it be right-wing propaganda or anything at all; what is intellectually disingenuous is that the channel refuses to acknowledge its bias, and instead employs a blatantly false marketing technique to assure viewers of its journalistic objectivity. Former Fox News producer Jeff Cohen says in Outfoxed that a better slogan for Fox News would be We opine, you recline. This witty remark cuts to the heart of the issue, which is that Fox News is and should be free to be an outlet for right-wing editorializing, but it is nothing less than a travesty for a powerful 24-hour cable news channel to pretend to be a reputable source for objective reporting. To be fair to Murdoch, he has made no public secret of his wish to balance what he perceives to be the liberal bias of such media outlets as CNN, CBS News, and the New York Times, but none of these sources of news employ the crass, manipulative distortions employed by Fox News Channel. The one example, perhaps, is the story on CBS 60 Minutes program in which famed anchor Dan Rather delivered a story purporting to show documents proving George W. Bush had illegally avoided military service during Vietnam. It was subsequently determined that the documents may have been forged, and not properly vetted in a rush to air the story in time to affect the 2004 presidential election. The resulting scandal led to Rathers early retirement. These sorts of incidents, however, are few and far between in comparison to Fox News Channels regular journalistic transgressions. In forming Fox News, what Murdoch may have reacted against legitimately is the irrefutable fact that most journalists are left-leaning in their personal political views. 1997, the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) surveyed over 1,000 journalists, asking What is your political leaning? The results? 61% said Democrat or liberal-leaning; 15% said conservative or Republican-leaning, and the rest identified themselves as independents or centrists. Not only that, but the proportion of journalists identifying themselves as conservative or Republican-leaning had declined 7% since the survey was first taken in 1988, whereas the liberal-leaning/Democratic statistic was unchanged. Is it possible for these 61% to not consciously or unconsciously let their personal views affect the way in which they report the news? The political proportions found in the ASNE rather closely resemble the political proportions of the guests on Fox News Channel, except in reverse. Nobody can say whether this is a coincidence or not, but Murdochs formula is certainly enjoying a considerable amount of success. Fox News ratings are even eclipsing those of longtime cable news giant CNN: [As of March 2, 2005] FNC averaged 1.57 million viewers in primetime, up 18 percent from the same period last year, while CNN fell 21 percent to 637,000 viewers from the same time period The growth appeared across the board at Fox News: On the Record With Greta Van Susteren up 37 percent; Hannity Colmes up 19 percent; Special Report With Brit Hume up 20 percent; and The OReilly Factor, up 9 percent. (WorldNetDaily, 2005) Clearly there is a hunger for what Fox News is peddling, whether it be garbage or truly fair and balanced. The real question is why Murdoch and Roger Ailes arent simply calling Fox News exactly what it is: an unashamedly biased and partisan source of conservative propaganda. What, indeed, is wrong with bias as long as there are a fair number of balanced biased outlets available for people to choose from? As alluded to before, Murdoch and Ailes are perfectly entitled to program their cable channel any way they care to; it is within their First Amendment right to do so. However, given the fact that millions of people tune in to Fox News, in many cases solely to Fox News, to become informed, it is a travesty of journalism that Murdoch and Ailes arent being honest about what their channel is peddling. If they were to claim that CBS and the New York Times are not honest about the liberal slant of their journalistic wares, then the challenge for Fox News is to one-up its rivals in integrity by being honest about what it is. Until such time, as they do, they are the ultimate example of media bia s; they are not a cure for the problem, but a mutation of a terrible virus. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cline, Dr. Andrew R. Media / Political Bias, University of Missouri, 2005. Lee, Christopher. Administration Rejects Ruling on PR Videos, Washington Post, March 14, 2005. Miner, Barbara. Randall Terry Resurfaces: Christian Right Jumps into Terri Schiavo Fray In These Times, November 24, 2003. Outfoxed, documentary produced and directed by Robert Greenwald, Carolina Productions / MoveOn.org / The Disinformation Company, 2004 American Society of Newspaper Editors Survey, 1997. Available from: http://www.asne.org/kiosk/reports/97reports/journalists90s/survey19.html CNN Tanking as Fox News Surges, WorldNetDaily, March 2, 2005

Essay --

By having adequately infrastructure local institutions trained and revitalized by peace building along with state building actors hatred speech can be controlled. On the other side institutions imposed by these external actors should not serve as permanent ones. Thus, external actors should persist in this role until institutions are capable to maintain it on their own. In this regard â€Å"creating institutional structures to manage potential pathological effects of media liberalization is a sensible strategy for promoting a free and responsible press†¦ mechanisms for self-regulation of the media should largely replace those operated by peace builders†.(Paris 2004:199). Paris sees as a key to strategy for better state building agenda, process of instutionalization before democratization and better control of free press trough local institutions.(Paris 2004:199). In accordance with above mentioned, position of institutions in state building process which, as elaborated, consist peace stabilization instruments and means to introduce new liberal approach is of crucial importance. Through example of free press regulation and control of discriminative speech, commonly present in countries emerging from conflicts, show in which way institutions could cut the root in this hazardous process and leveled the ground for new political process. Thus are all this indicators show that institutions might be the means from where the change should start in order to make it pervasive and appropriate for the state? Further chapter will discuss if certainly institutions are starting point in state building process. - Is institutionalization a solution- Institutions, as previously stated, are mechanism that can make democratic or any other political feat... ...ns should be taken as primary concern in state building process before any upcoming change. Arguing about democracy, it is seen as exogenous phenomena which certainly deems most appropriate political settlement for the country but according to above mentioned, it cannot operate without beforehand installation of good endogenous components-institutions. Recommendation that strikes from above mentioned is that at most basic level democracies and capitalism presuppose a functioning of state apparatus but in state building agenda which is oriented solely toward promotion of democratization and marketization in intuitionally weak post-conflict environments is counterproductive.(Paris 2004:205). Paris in this regard proposes strategy IBL that addresses to phenomenon of institutionalization, hence advantages of installing proper institutions before liberalizing the field.

Behavioral Observations of Number of Items Bought in Chain Stores

Students: Egor Karpunin, 5006119 Dominika Majcher, 5028142 Behavioral observations of Number of items bought in chain stores by consumers according to their sex Assignment for the course â€Å"Consumer Behaviour† Introduction The general purpose of our study was to define, which part of the observed buyers (male or female) tends to buy more than 1 item. According to our assumptions, women buy more items than men. This could be a result of the women’s shopping nature.Usually women going to some shopping mall to buy, for example, the presents for Christmas (or even just doing shopping for themselves) for their relatives do not set a specific goal before actually go shopping. They just find some time and then decide to visit some shop. Then being already in the shop they choose to buy anything that seems attractive or could be somehow useful for those whom they buy the present. So this so-called „shopping strategy† means that at the same time they can like a lo t of things and buy not only one (for their husband or sun) but also for their friends, colleagues etc.They can also like some additional things like jewellery for the dress that they have just decided to buy. We can’t say the same about men’s shopping. Everybody tend to think that men do not like shopping. But actually when there are some who likes it or they just have to do it to make their couple (or kid, grandmother, colleague) fell â€Å"real† Christmas (etc. ) they go to the shop with an already defined objective. As a rule it means that they had already thought through the present itself in advance and now they just want to go to specific shop and buy one. But they also can buy several items in one shop.All in all we are going to confirm or reject our assumption. | Male Customers| Female Customers| | 1 Item| 24| 10| 34| 2 or more Items| 12| 34| 46| | 36| 44| 80| Procedure Our observation was made on Friday, December 7th, 2012, between 3 o'clock and 6 oâ⠂¬â„¢clock in the afternoon. We chose the time of Christmas shopping when everybody finished their work and a lot of people went to stores located in the city center. We went to the chain stores H;M, Zara, New Yorker and Peek;Cloppenburg located at Zeil street in Frankfurt am Main offering their products to both male and female customers.We observed the main check out in every of these stores (both groups of customers buy there) – stores like these are very popular among both groups of customers. We chose the ‘Zeil’ street in Frankfurt because of wide variety of customers shopping there and their random preferences. In every store we observed first 20 customers who paid for their shopping at the main check out. Every time we stayed near the check out place and noted the sex of every client as well as number of items they bought. Results We observed 80 customers (one by one, without breaks) in described chain stores.We got 80 observations, 44 of them were women an d 36 men. In 46 cases the customers bought more than 1 item and in 34 just one product (so 57,5% customers bought at least 2 or more items). Distribution of these purchases has been shown on the graph below: The graph follows that women buy more often at least 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. To check this conclusion we computed the Chi-Square-test (the analyses have been included as an appendix at the end of the paper). We got the Actual Chi-Square value on the level 15. 4. The Critical Chi-Square value with 1 degree of freedom and p-value 0. 05 is 3. 84. We compared Actual 2 with the Critical 2 and made sure that the given Actual Chi-Square value is bigger than the Critical one (15. 64 ; 3. 84). This means that women buy more often at least 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. Conclusions (Egor) According to the results of the observation our initial assumption that women tend to buy 2 or more items in the stores while shopping, whether men tend more often to by only 1 item, is right.As the observation took part on Friday (end of the working week actually) from our point of view the results could differ the other day from that we have now, but the difference would not be so significant that could refuse our initial hypothesis. The location (the place where we made the observation) change also would not change the results. The prerequisite of our observation is to look at behavior of people in chain stores, so it does not really matter for the final result whether to collect out observations in the shops at Zeil Street or in Nordwestzentrum shopping mall.Our survey could also be useful for marketers of the shops where the observation took place. For instance, if women tend to buy more than 1 item in a shop like H;M, Zara etc. , then chain stores should make some combinations of matching product, offer some additional accessories or just a pack of few clothes for a bit lower price(for example, skirt + blouse). So when wo men can get this ability to buy something more than just 1 thing that they chose, this ability can be used and they would make their choice into buying additional jewellery for their new dress or buying skirt+blouse together than buying only one item of clothes.Appendix 1. Collected data | Male| Female| Row| 1 item| 24| 10| 34| 2 or more items| 12| 34| 46| Column| 36| 44| 80| Hypothesis 0: Men buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than women. Hypothesis 1: Women buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. 2. Actual 2 2 = (Observed Cell Frequency – Expected Cell Frequency)2/Expected Cell Frequency} Expected Cell Frequency| | | | | Row 1| (24+10)/80 | 0. 425| | Column 1| (24+12)/80 | 0. 45| Row 2| (12+34)/80 | 0. 575| | Column 2| (10+34)/80| 0. 55| Row 1 Prob x Column 1 Prob =| 0. 91| Row 1 Prob x Column 2 Prob =| 0. 234| Row 2 Prob x Column 1 Prob =| 0. 259| Row 2 Prob x Column 2 Prob =| 0. 316| 0. 191 * 80 = | 0. 234 * 80 =| 0. 259 * 80 =| 0. 316 * 80 =| 15. 3| 18. 7| 20. 7| 25. 3| Actual 2 = (24-15. 3)^2/15. 3+(10-18. 7)^2/18. 7+(12-20. 7)^2/20. 7+(34-25. 3)^2/25. 3 3. Actual 2 vs. Critical 2 Actual 2 = 15. 64 Critical 2 = 3. 84 (1 d. f. , p-value 0. 05) 3. 84 ; 15. 64 =; Critical 2 ; Actual 2 Conclusion: The hypothesis 1 is true. Women buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men.

GANGS Essays - Crime, Criminology, Urban Decay, Gangs, Free Essays

GANGS Essays - Crime, Criminology, Urban Decay, Gangs, Free Essays GANGS Gangs are a violent reality that people have to deal with in today's cities. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that being in a gang is both an acceptable and prestigious way to live? The long range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers are much easier to find. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings' personal wants and peer pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang violence we must find the way that these morals are given to the individual. Unfortunately, these can only be hypothesized. However, by looking at the way humans are influenced in society, I believe there is good evidence to point the blame at several institutions. These include the forces of the media, the government, theatre, drugs and our economic system. On the surface, gangs are caused by peer pressure and greed. Many teens in gangs will pressure peers into becoming part of a gang by making it all sound glamorous. Money is also an crucial factor. A kid (a 6-10 year old, who is not yet a member) is shown that s/he could make $200 to $400 for small part time gang jobs. Although these are important factors they are not strong enough to make kids do things that are strongly against their morals. One of the ways that kids morals are bent so that gang violence becomes more acceptable is the influence of television and movies. The average child spends more time at a TV than she/he spends in a classroom. Since nobody can completely turn off their minds, kids must be learning something while watching the TV. Very few hours of television watched by children are educational, so other ideas are being absorbed during this period of time. Many shows on television today are extremely violent and are often shown this from a gang's perspective. A normal adult can see that this is showing how foully that gangs are living. However, to a child this portrays a violent gang existance as acceptable. 'The Ends Justifies the Means' mentality is also taught through many shows where the "goody guy" captures the "bad guy" through violence and is then being commended. A young child sees this a perfectly acceptable because he knows that the "bad guy" was wrong but has no idea of what acceptable apprehension techniques are. Gore in television also takes a big part in influencing young minds. Children see gory scenes and are fascinated by these things that they have not seen before. Older viewers see gore and are not concerned with the blood but rather with the pain the victim must feel. A younger mind doesn't make this connection. Thus a gore fascination is formed, and has been seen in several of my peers. Unfortunately kids raised with this sort of television end up growing up with a stronger propensity to becoming a violent gang member or 'violent- acceptant' person. "Gangs bring the delinquent norms of society into intimate contact with the individual."1, (Marshall B Clinard, 1963). So, as you can see if TV leads a child to believe that violence is the norm this will manifest itself in the actions of the child quite, often in a gang situation. This is especially the case when parents don't spend a lot of time with their kids at the TV explaining what is right and what is wrong. Quite often newer books and some types of music will enforce this type of thought and ideas. Once this mentality is installed in youngsters they become increasingly prone to being easily pushed into a gang situation by any problem at home or elsewhere. For instance, in poor families with many children or upper-middle class families where parents are always working, the children will often feel deprived of love. Parents can often feel that putting food on the table is enough love. Children of these families may often go to the gang firstly out of boredom and to belong somewhere. As time goes on, a form of love or kinship develops between the gang members and the child. It is then that the bond between the kid and the gang is

Character Analysis of Lysander From A Midsummer Nights Dream

Character Analysis of Lysander From 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' Lysander bravely challenges Egeus over his choice of a suitor for Hermia. Lysander professes his love for Hermia and exposes Demetrius as inconstant, having rejected Helena in favor of her friend. LYSANDERYou have her fathers love, Demetrius;Let me have Hermias: do you marry him.​EGEUSScornful Lysander! true, he hath my love,And what is mine my love shall render him.And she is mine, and all my right of herI do estate unto Demetrius.LYSANDERI am, my lord, as well derived as he,As well possessd; my love is more than his;My fortunes every way as fairly rankd,If not with vantage, as Demetrius;And, which is more than all these boasts can be,I am beloved of beauteous Hermia:Why should not I then prosecute my right?Demetrius, Ill avouch it to his head,Made love to Nedars daughter, Helena,And won her soul; and she, sweet lady, dotes,Devoutly dotes, dotes in idolatry,Upon this spotted and inconstant man.(Act 1 Scene 1) Character Motivation Lysander encourages Hermia to run away with him to his aunt’s house so that the pair can be married. When in the forest Lysander tries his luck with Hermia, trying to get her to lay with him but he is unable to convince her. When he wakes, he has been wrongly anointed with the love potion and falls in love with Helena. Lysander decides to leave Hermia unprotected on the ground to pursue Helena. This does not cover him in glory but potentially demonstrates the strength of the potion in that we know how much he loved Hermia, but now the potion has moved him to be so repulsed by her that he is willing to leave her alone. There is an argument, therefore, that we cannot blame him for his actions under the powerful influence of the love potion, because if we could, we may not be happy when he is finally reunited with Hermia, as he has been so horrible to her under Puck’s influence: LYSANDERHang off, thou cat, thou burr! vile thing, let loose,Or I will shake thee from me like a serpent!HERMIAWhy are you grown so rude? what change is this?Sweet love,LYSANDERThy love! out, tawny Tartar, out!Out, loathed medicine! hated potion, hence!(Act 3 Scene 2) When the love potion is removed, and the couples are discovered, Lysander bravely explains to Hermia’s father and Theseus that he encouraged her to elope. This action is courageous because it enrages Egeus - and Lysander knows that it will. Here, Lysander demonstrates his bravery and determination to stick with Hermia no matter the consequences and this endears him to the audience once more. We know Lysander truly loves Hermia and their ending will be a happy one as Theseus will assuage Egeus’ anger. LYSANDERMy lord, I shall reply amazedly,Half sleep, half waking: but as yet, I swear,I cannot truly say how I came here;But, as I think,for truly would I speak,And now do I bethink me, so it is,I came with Hermia hither: our intentWas to be gone from Athens, where we might,Without the peril of the Athenian law.EGEUSEnough, enough, my lord; you have enough:I beg the law, the law, upon his head.They would have stolen away; they would, Demetrius,Thereby to have defeated you and me,You of your wife and me of my consent,Of my consent that she should be your wife.

Odd Body piercings a look at upper lip piecring Essay

Odd Body piercings a look at upper lip piecring - Essay Example Now she was no more with her friend and was also independent, so could have got the lip pierced, but she thought better of it because having her lip pierced would have totally put her job in jeopardy and could have sabotaged her career. Besides, Amy had now grown too old to look good with a pierced lip. It was like she had grown out of her piercing age. Her eye-brow piercing spoke negative of her mannerism and told how stupid she had been when she was a kid to have gone for something like an eye-brow piercing. Years went by and Amy became a manager. She looked very decent and civilized in her business attire but the eye-brow piercing would ruin it all. She was generally a very decent person and had such a persona that she was taken seriously by her subordinates. If there was one thing she would like to change about her appearance, it was her eye-brow piercing. However, she thanked God she had not gone for a lip piercing because that would have looked way too vulgar, indecent and absu rd. Conclusion: â€Å"Oral piercings, including lip and tongue jewelry, are a popular form of body modification† (Palmer, 2011). Piercing anywhere on the face in general and the lip in particular is becoming increasingly common among the youth all over the world. It is visualized by teenagers and adolescents as a symbol of fashion. For many, it is something that needs to get done for an individual to remain inn the fashion.

Review of litterature Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Review of litterature - Term Paper Example As it progresses, the study informs the reader that the only reliable method of actually measuring the level to which medical care is available to segments of society is to measure it in a qualitative way (Morse, 1992). Therefore, the study also states that the many quantitative studies that have gone before are lacking with respect to the actual data they have attempted to measure or the lack thereof. Therefore, the study sets itself apart as a unique way in which the researches can know and understand the research question and work to draw inference to the greater problem at hand – access to healthcare in society. It is without question that this study is helpful in understanding the overall trends that currently exist with relation to healthcare access. However, both qualitative and quantitative research have their unique drawbacks with respect to being able to fully engage and answer the research question that is presented. In this case, the study begins by laying out the drawbacks that qualitative research has experienced in trying to answer this same research question; however, one could just as easily point out but a few of the drawbacks of using a quantitative approach for such a varied and personal issue as that of healthcare access among the disenfranchised (Siding, 2010). If anything, using a quantitative approach in such a situation risks dehumanizing the effects of non-access. However, on the flip side, over-emphasizing a qualitative approach might have the effect of focusing on one or two problem areas alone without understanding the root problem as it might apply to the society a s a whole. With respect to whether or not this research could be used to inform the development of a quantitative study, the answer is yes and no. As part of a literature review process, the study absolutely can be helpful for the researcher to understand many of the issues that underlie the research

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 Essay

BORDER SECURITY ISSUES RESEARCH PROJECT # 3 - Essay Example Argentina’s immigration policy supports migration of permanent immigrants, temporary immigrants and people on transit to other countries. The immigration policy borrows heavily from the Patria Grande plan which allows registration and work permit issue to citizens from the  Mercosur  countries.  Mercosur  countries are mostly in South America who partner with states in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) such as Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela. In addition the Argentinean immigration policy addresses several issues that affect immigrants by ensuring protection of basic rights of all immigrants (Hines, 2010). The immigration policy has thus attracted immigrants from many underdeveloped South American countries who come to Argentina to seek jobs in industries. Argentina’s immigration policy has traditionally encouraged European immigration (Organization of American States, 2012). This is evident in the Argentinean constitution which shows that there is a  desire  to promote the migration of people from European states. In addition it is also attributed to the country’s history of European immigration to the country at the end of the 19th  century.   Critics have however argued that this is a rhetoric that promotes preferential treatment to immigrants from European countries. However, various other legislations to promote  equitable  treatment of immigrants  have been enacted. Over the years there have been several cases of people migrating to Argentina from the U.S. Reasons for immigration from America to Argentina include: immigration to work on professional jobs, settling of Argentine Americans in their ancestors’ country of origin and the settling tourists who want to be citizens in Argentina. Argentina’s immigration policy for migrants from the United States is not very restrictive as compared to the America’s policy for immigrants from Argentina (Hine, 2010). However, due to the restrictions that

Ashkenazi Jews Essay Example for Free

Ashkenazi Jews Essay The Jews admit that they are not the descendants of the Ancient Israelites in their writings. Under the heading of A brief History of the Terms for Jew in the 1980 Jewish Almanac is the following: Strictly speaking it is incorrect to call an ancient Israelite a ‘Jew’ or to call a contemporary Jew an Israelite or a Hebrew. 1980 Jewish Almanac, p. 3. http://iamthewitness.com/doc/Ashkenazis.are.not.the.descendants.of.the.Ancient.Israelites.htm JEWS Strictly speaking it is incorrect to call an ancient Israelite a ‘Jew’ or to call a contemporary Jew an Israelite or a Hebrew. 1980 Jewish Almanac, p. 3. Encyclopedia Americana (1985) Khazar, an ancient Turkic speaking people who ruled a large and powerful state in the steppes North of the Caucasus Mountains from the 7th century to the mid 11th century A.D In the 8th Century its political and religious head as well as the greater part of the Khazar nobility, abandoned paganism and converted to Judaism (The Khazars are the ancestors of most Russian and Eastern European Jews). Encyclopedia Britannica (15th edition): Khazars, confederation of Turkic and Iranian tribes that established a major commercial empire in the second half of the 6th century, covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia In the middle of the 8th century the ruling classes adopted Judaism as their religion. Encyclopedia Americana (1985): Ashkenazim, the Ashkenazim are the Jews whose ancestors lived in German lands it was among Ashkenazi Jews that the idea of political Zionism emerged, leading ultimately to the establishment of the state of Israel In the late 1960s, Ashkenazi Jews numbered some 11 million, about 84 percent of the world Jewish population. The Jewish Encyclopedia: Khazars, a non-Semitic, Asiatic, Mongolian tribal nation who emigrated into Eastern Europe about the first century, who were converted as an entire nation to Judaism in the seventh century by the expanding Russian nation which absorbed the entire Khazar population, and who account for the presence in Eastern Europe of the great numbers of Yiddish-speaking Jews in Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Galatia, Besserabia and Rumania. HORUS. Sun of God Ask Any 33rd degree Freemason! Horus is the EYE above the African Egyptian Pyramid on the U.S.ONE DOLLAR BILL.

Flannery O8217Conner and Grotesque Characters :: essays papers

Flannery O8217Conner and Grotesque Characters Flannery O’Conner and Grotesque Characters One of the most interesting characteristics of Flannery O’Conners writing is her penchant for creating characters with physical or mental disabilities. Though critics sometimes unkindly labeled her a maker of grotesques, this talent for creating flawed characters served her well. In fact, though termed grotesque, O’Conners use of vivid visual imagery when describing people and their shortcomings is the technique that makes her work most realistic. O’Conner herself once remarked that â€Å"anything that comes out of the South is going to be called grotesque by the Northern reader, unless it is grotesque, in which case it will be called realistic.† In O’Conners â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† the villain is a one armed hobo named Tom T. Shiftlet. Using his gift of gab and the promise of â€Å"fixing the place up.† He manages to take up on the remote farm of an old woman named Lucynell Crater and her mentally retarded and completely deaf daughter â€Å"Lucynell Crater†. The old woman quickly decides that despite his handicap she would like to make Tom her son in law. His goal soon became, fix up the old car he was sleeping in and hightail it out of there with the car and some of the old womans money in his pocket. On the pretense that he would need it for a honeymoon trip, he convinces the old woman to fix the car and give him some cash. The story ends with him marrying the retarded daughter, leaving with her on a honeymoon trip, then abandoning her in a rundown diner on the side of the road. â€Å"Good Country People† is a story about Joy Hopewell, a very well educated young woman living in the rural south. Joy lost a leg in a hunting accident when she was ten and since then had been forced to wear a wooden replacement. She also had a weak heart and it was this affliction that forced her to remain amongst these â€Å"good country people† whom she considered to be intellectual inferiors. Though she had great confidence in her intelligence she had very little self-esteem. Joys’ handicap made her feel ugly, so ugly that much to her mothers’ dismay, she had her name legally changed to the ugliest one she could think of, Hulga. One day a traveling bible salesman named Manley Pointer made a sales call and ended up having dinner with the family.

Was The Grand Prix Beneficial For Melbourne :: essays research papers

Was The Grand Prix Beneficial For Melbourne Issues Part -B- Was the Grand Prix, promoted as "The Great Race" which was held at Albert Park beneficial for Melbourne, or was it just a huge waste of taxpayers money? The race was televised to 650 million people in 130 different countries is expected to pump $50 million into the Victorian economy every year and boost tourism enormously. I along with the owners of seventy-two percent of hotels, motels, restaurants and other entertainment complexes agree that Albert Park having the Grand Prix will have a positive impact on business. Infact it pumped $10 - $15 million into local business. This will mean these businesses did put on more part time staff who will be gaining valuable work experience and there will also be a flow on effect to suppliers of these industries. Fifty-nine percent of interstate visitors and forty five percent of overseas visitors would not have come to Adelaide in a two year period because of the Grand Prix if not for the race. By Albert Park getting the Grand Prix created between 1000-1500 new jobs. The Grand Prix will promote Victoria on an international scale with international press, television and media caring out a world wide coverage of this event. This could convince people to come and visit Melbourne and would also be a major tourism boost. Approximately $23.8 million has been spent overhauling the park and upgrading the Lake side track. They built better fences and barricades to help protect spectators in case of a crash, and the track is said to be the safest and finest in the world, creating a benchmark for Albert Park. Temporary seating will cater for 150,000 people, and there was approximately an attendance of 400,000 over the four days. 9,000 part-time jobs and 1,000 full-time jobs were created over the weekend. The "greenies" are still trying to stop the race at Albert Park. First it was "Save The Park" and now it's "Stop The Grand Prix." At first they protested about the cutting down of hundreds of trees to make way for the track. But this has been overcome by the replanting of 5000 new trees which would cover 16 football ovals. This is almost double the amount of trees that were there previously. They don't care about the huge impact that the race had on Melbourne, instead they unsuccessfully protest against it and by doing so it has cost the Victorian taxpayers $1.3 million. But the track has already been built and the first race held, so there is no chance of it being removed and the park could

Family violence/abuse is not the answer

We are told that violence is not the answer, yet our country goes to war when we have problems†¦ It is the way people and families are, the answer to everything. I have chosen to explore the theme family violence/abuse is not the answer. This theme is shown in the short story â€Å"boy† by Bruce Stewart, â€Å"In the rubbish bin† by Apirana Taylor, a true story by Michelle Manning â€Å"its ok† and Harry potter by J. K Rowling At the beginning of Boy, boy who is Maori he feels like he doesn’t belong in his culture â€Å"im not a Maori† he gets bullied at school and comes home crying. His Dad comes home and sees Boy crying he says to Boy â€Å"Stop being a baby or I’ll give you something to cry about â€Å"This shows that the Boys dad is full of violence and threats. â€Å"Stormed into the bedroom AGAIN and started hitting me with his razor strap†. By this saying in the story with the word â€Å"Again† means this isn’t the first time or the last time Boy will see of that razor strap. At the end of the story boy finds his true place where he belongs from his mother’s death. He is in the hands of his mother’s family and I think that’s the last time Boy would have seen of that razor strap. The short story â€Å"in the rubbish bin â€Å"it portrays the theme that violence/ Abuse is not the answer. More the mental side than the physical side. We see this in the character phillipa. Phillipa who gets mentally abused by her mum. Her poor upbringing causes phillipa to take a smelly trip to a rubbish tin. Imagine how many kids in New Zealand are exactly like her we have over 1,600 gaming machines and over 100 gaming tables and that’s at Auckland sky tower alone. There are cases were we have parents leaving kids in cars on hot days just because the mum or dad want to go have a try on the machines and the tables it needs to stop . Why don’t the parents stop and think before they do, they should be thinking of their kid’s future and saving up on item’s that they will have wanted when they don’t have the money. Maybe the government needs a wakeup call and instead of having the casino open 24 hours a day, seven days a week make it less so we don’t have more cases of them on the news of kids in hot cars and forgotten about. In the rubbish bin and boy have similar backgrounds just with a twist, Boys mother takes one hundred percent care of her child and Ruth shows no appreciation towards Phillipa. The dads in the story are both abusive Boys dad towards boy and Phillipas dad towards Ruth. The short story â€Å"its ok† also identifies the theme â€Å"family violence is not the answer†matt has shown that he thinks that violence is the answer â€Å"sharp hard slaps† , He was hitting her face† ,He was hurting her to much now â€Å" shows that Matt is very abusive and he won’t stop anytime soon. Matt has his wife begging him to stop â€Å"she was begging now â€Å"stop it! Stop it! †

Exercise in Sentence Combining with Adverb Clauses

Exercise in Sentence Combining with Adverb Clauses As discussed in part one and part two, adverb clauses are subordinate structures that show the relationship and relative importance of ideas in sentences. They explain such things as when, where, and why about an action stated in the main clause. Here well practice building and combining sentences with adverb clauses. Practice Exercise:Building Combining Sentences with Adverb Clauses Combine the sentences in each set below by turning the sentence(s) in bold into an adverb clause. Begin the adverb clause with an appropriate subordinating conjunction. When youre done, compare your new sentences with the sample combinations on page two, keeping in mind that multiple combinations are possible. Example:Sailors wear earrings.The earrings are made of gold.Sailors always carry the cost of a burial.They carry the cost on their own bodies.Combination 1: So that they always carry the cost of a burial on their bodies, sailors wear gold earrings.Combination 2: Sailors wear gold earrings so that they always carry the cost of a burial on their bodies. It is unlikely that Cleopatra actually committed suicide with an asp.The species is unknown in Egypt.The boy hid the gerbil.No one would ever find it. Our neighbors installed a swimming pool.The pool is in their backyard.They have gained many new friends.My parents and I watched in awe.We watched on a hot August evening.Erratic bolts of lightning illuminated the sky.The bolts of lightning were from a distant storm. Benny played the violin.The dog hid in the bedroomThe dog whimpered.Natural rubber is used chiefly to make tires and inner tubes.It is cheaper than synthetic rubber.It has greater resistance to tearing when wet. A Peruvian woman finds an unusually ugly potato.She runs up to the nearest man.She smashes it in his face.This is done by ancient custom.Credit cards are dangerous.They encourage people to buy things.These are things that people are unable to afford.These are things that people do not really need.I kissed her once.I kissed her by the pigsty.She wasnt looking.I neve r kissed her again.She was looking all the time. Some day I shall take my glasses off.Some day I shall go wandering.I shall go out into the streets.I shall do this deliberately.I shall do this when the clouds are heavy.I shall do this when the rain is coming down.I shall do this when the pressure of realities is too great. When youre done, compare your new sentences with the sample combinations on page two. Here are sample answers to the practice exercise on page one: Building and Combining Sentences with Adverb Clauses. Keep in mind that multiple combinations are possible. Because the species is unknown in Egypt, it is unlikely that Cleopatra actually committed suicide with an asp.The boy hid the gerbil where no one would ever find it.Since our neighbors installed a swimming pool in their backyard, they have gained many new friends.On a hot August evening, my parents and I watched in awe as erratic bolts of lightning from a distant storm illuminated the sky.Whenever Benny played the violin, the dog hid in the bedroom and whimpered.Natural rubber is used chiefly to make tires and inner tubes because it is cheaper than synthetic rubber and has greater resistance to tearing when wet.By ancient custom, when a Peruvian woman finds an unusually ugly potato, she runs up to the nearest man and smashes it in his face.Credit cards are dangerous because they encourage people to buy things that they are unable to afford and do not really need.I kissed her once by the pigsty when she wasnt looking and never kissed her again although she was looking all the time.(Dy lan Thomas, Under Milk Wood) Some day, when the clouds are heavy, and the rain is coming down and the pressure of realities is too great, I shall deliberately take my glasses off and go wandering out into the streets, never to be heard from again.(James Thurber, The Admiral on the Wheel)